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中央開放教育電大數(shù)據(jù)庫應(yīng)用技術(shù)(本科)形成性考核冊答案-文庫吧資料

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【正文】 Committee (NBC) made rules for amateur play until 1979. In that year, the National Federation of State High School Associations began governing the sport at the high school level, and the NCAA Rules Committee assumed rulemaking responsibilities for junior colleges, colleges, and the Armed Forces, with a similar mittee holding jurisdiction over women39。 Australia, China, and India between 1895 and 1900。s original players were Canadians, and the game spread to Canada immediately. It was played in France by 1893。 the ball was the objective. To score, the ball had to be shot through a horizontal, elevated goal. The team with the most points at the end of an allotted time period wins. Early in the history of basketball, the local YMCAs provided the gymnasiums, and membership in the anization grew rapidly. The size of the local gym dictated the number of players。s Christian Association (YMCA), which later became Springfield College. Naismith (18611939) was a physical education teacher who was seeking a team sport with limited physical contact but a lot of running, jumping, shooting, and the handeye coordination required in handling a ball. The peach baskets he hung as goals gave the sport the name of basketball. His students were excited about the game, and Christmas vacation gave them the chance to tell their friends and people at their local YMCAs about the game. The association leaders wrote to Naismith asking for copies of the rules, and they were published in the Triangle, the school newspaper, on January 15,1892. Naismith39。s ball is in (7274 cm) in circumference. The covering of the ball is leather, rubber, position, or synthetic, although leather covers only are dictated by rules for college play, unless the teams agree otherwise. Orange is the regulation color. At all levels of play, the home team provides the ball. Inflation of the ball is based on the height of the ball39。s National Basketball Association (WNBA) playoffs. And it has also made American heroes out of its player and coach legends like Michael Jordan, Larry Bird, Earvin Magic Johnson, Sheryl Swoopes, and other great players. At the heart of the game is the playing space and the equipment. The space is a rectangular, indoor court. The principal pieces of equipment are the two elevated baskets, one at each end (in the long direction) of the court, and the basketball itself. The ball is spherical in shape and is inflated. Basketballs range in size from in (7276 cm) in circumference, and in weight from 1822 oz (510624 g). For players below the high school level, a smaller ball is used, but the ball in men39。2139。吳紅 39。202100139。數(shù)據(jù)庫技術(shù) 39。劉世峰 39。王文芳 39。任何一種計算機語言都定義了自己的數(shù)據(jù)類型。 SQL Server 有哪些數(shù)據(jù)類型,它們的主要用途是什么? 參考答案: SQL Server 提供了數(shù)值型、字符型、日期型、二進制型、位型、雙字節(jié)型等 6 大類數(shù)據(jù)類型。在使用事務(wù)的情況下, SQL Server 可以保證,要么所有的記錄要么全部處理,要么一行也不處理。這個任務(wù)需要兩條 UPDATE 語句組成,即: UPDATE 學(xué)生表 SET 學(xué)號 =?20210001? WHERE 學(xué)號 =?20210001? UPDATE 成績表 SET 學(xué)號 =?20210001? WHERE 學(xué)號 =?20210001? 如果在執(zhí)行完第一個語句后,計算機突然斷電,而第二條語句還沒來得急執(zhí)行,數(shù)據(jù)出現(xiàn)了不一致怎么辦?這時候就需要用到 SQL 的事務(wù)控制功能了。 事務(wù)需要用戶根據(jù)實際業(yè)務(wù)規(guī)則定義,有一定的難度,但其原理比較簡單。 SQL Server通過事務(wù)機制,將邏輯相關(guān)的一組操作捆綁在一起,以便服務(wù)器保持?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)的完整性。 創(chuàng)建存儲過程的 SQL 語句是: ( 1)語句格式: CREATE PROC[EDURE] 存儲過程名 AS SQL 語句 ( 2)語句功能: 創(chuàng)建一個存儲過程, SQL 語句 多數(shù)是指利用 SQL Server 的 TransactSQL 編寫的程序。 如果創(chuàng)建一個數(shù)據(jù)庫其 SQL 語句是什么? 參考答案: CREATE DATABASE 數(shù)據(jù)庫名稱 存儲過程的含義是什么?創(chuàng)建存儲過程的 SQL 語句是什么? 參考答案: 存儲過程( Stored Procedure)是一組預(yù)先編譯好的,以一種可執(zhí)行的形式永久地存儲在數(shù)據(jù)中的 SQL代碼,在 master數(shù)據(jù)庫中存儲了一些 SQL Server 事先定義好的系統(tǒng)存儲過程,通常以 sp_xxxx做為存儲過程的名字。模式可以包含常規(guī)字符和通配符字符。 如果要限制用戶能夠看到的數(shù)據(jù)庫中的信息,可以使用視圖。 視圖的特點是在基本表或其他視圖上建立的表,它的結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容都來自某個基本表,是依據(jù)基本表存在而存在的。 什么是基本表?什么是視圖?視圖有什么特點?在什么情況下需要創(chuàng)建視圖? 參考答案: 表是一個由行、列組成的二維結(jié)構(gòu), 通常把行稱做記錄,把列稱為字段。即表中記錄的物理排序順序不再按插入的先后排列,而是根據(jù)索引列重新排序。 ( 3)復(fù)合索引:是針對基本表中兩個或兩個以上列建立的索引。 ( 2)惟一索引:一旦在一個或多個列上建立了惟一索引,則不允許在表中相應(yīng)的列 上插入任何相同的取值。 實際的索引通常是這兩大類 5 種方式的組合。它的特點包括:非過程化語言,統(tǒng)一的語言 ,是所有關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫的公共語言。 參考答案: 結(jié)構(gòu)化查詢語言, Structured Query Language,簡稱 SQL,是關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語言。 3.視圖是一個虛表,它是從 數(shù)據(jù)表 中導(dǎo)出的表。 A. S B. SC, C C. S, C D. S, C, SC 二、填空題 1. SQL 數(shù)據(jù)定義語言的主要作用是創(chuàng)建存儲數(shù)據(jù)的結(jié)構(gòu),而數(shù)據(jù)操縱語言的主要作用則是向數(shù)據(jù)庫中填寫數(shù)據(jù),具體包括 增加、刪除、修改 等操作。 A. SELECT AVG(Age) FROM Student B. SELECT MAX(Age) FROM Student C. SELECT MIN(Age) FROM Student D. SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Student 5.假定學(xué)生關(guān)系 S( SNO, SNAME, SEX, AGE),課程關(guān)系 C( CNO, CNAME, TEACHER),學(xué)生選課關(guān)系 SC( SNO, CNO, GRADE)。 A.視圖僅由一個基本表導(dǎo)出 B.執(zhí)行視圖比在客戶端直接執(zhí)行 SELECT 語句的速度要慢 C.在 SQL Server 中,可以像基本表一樣對視圖進行查詢操作 D.視圖存儲在客戶端的數(shù)據(jù)庫中 3. 如果希望從學(xué)生表中查詢出所有姓 “張 ”的同學(xué),那么條件語句應(yīng)該是( B )。 第二章思考與練習(xí)題 一、選擇題 1. 下述關(guān)于索引的描述,正確的是( B )。這兩種完整性是關(guān)系模型必須滿足的約束條件,應(yīng)該由關(guān)系系統(tǒng)自動支持。實體完整性是保證數(shù)據(jù)庫中記錄的惟一性,即每個記錄的主鍵不能為空值,也不能與其他記錄的主鍵相同。 其操作方式的特點是集合操作,即操作的對象和結(jié)果是集合,稱為一次一集合的方式,而不是一次一個記錄的方式。關(guān)系模型給出了關(guān)系操作的能力和特點,但不對 DBMS的語言給出具體的語法要求。 數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)是指在關(guān)系模型中,無論是數(shù)據(jù)還是數(shù)據(jù)之間的聯(lián)系都是以二維表(關(guān)系)這一種簡單的結(jié)構(gòu)表示的,這即符合人們使用數(shù)據(jù)的習(xí)慣,同時也便于計算機實現(xiàn)。關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)采用關(guān)系模型作為數(shù)據(jù)的組織方式。 4.簡述關(guān)系模型 的組成。常用的數(shù)據(jù)庫對象主要包括:表( Table)、索引( Index)、視圖 (Views)、觸發(fā)器( Triggers)、存儲過程( Store Procedures)、缺?。?Default)、約束( Constraints)、用戶( Users)以及圖表( Diagram)和用戶自定義的數(shù)據(jù)類型等。當(dāng)采用 SQL Server企業(yè)管理器將上述數(shù)據(jù)庫文件 “打開 ”后,就能 看到數(shù)據(jù)庫的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)了,如圖 XXX 所示。數(shù)據(jù)文件主要用于存儲數(shù)據(jù),事務(wù)日志文件主要用于存儲數(shù)據(jù)庫的更新情況等事務(wù)日志信息。 參考答案: SQL Server 數(shù)據(jù)庫的存儲結(jié)構(gòu)包括物理存儲結(jié)構(gòu)和邏輯存儲結(jié)構(gòu)兩
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