微觀經(jīng)濟學(xué)課件中英-文庫吧資料
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【正文】 ight 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. ? ? ? Positive or Normative Statements? 實證性還是規(guī)范性表述？ Higher federal budget deficits will cause interest rates to increase. 較高的聯(lián)邦赤字水平會導(dǎo)致利率上升。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. ? ? Positive or Normative Statements? 實證性還是規(guī)范性表述？ An increase in the minimum wage will cause a decrease in employment among the leastskilled. 提高最低工資水平會導(dǎo)致最低技能工人的就業(yè)減少。 u 被稱為命令性分析。 u 被稱為描述性分析。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. Positive versus Normative Analysis u Positive statements are statements that describe the world as it is. u Called descriptive analysis u Normative statements are statements about how the world should be. u Called prescriptive analysis Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 u When they are trying to change the world, they are policymakers. 當(dāng)他們想要改變世界時，他們是政策顧問。 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 u 宏觀經(jīng)濟學(xué) 研究經(jīng)濟總體現(xiàn)象。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. 微觀經(jīng)濟學(xué)與宏觀經(jīng)濟學(xué) u 微觀經(jīng)濟學(xué) 的研究對象是經(jīng)濟中的個體。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. 4,000 生產(chǎn)可能性邊界 計算機產(chǎn)量 汽車產(chǎn)量 3,000 2,000 A 700 0 1,000 E 2,100 750 生產(chǎn)可能性邊界 向外移動 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. 生產(chǎn)可能性邊界闡明的概念 u 效率 u 權(quán)衡取舍 u 機會成本 u 經(jīng)濟增長 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. The Production Possibilities Frontier 生產(chǎn)可能性邊界 Quantity of Computers Produced Quantity of Cars Produced 3,000 1,000 2,000 2,200 A 700 600 300 0 1,000 B C D Production possibilities frontier 電腦產(chǎn)量 汽車產(chǎn)量 生產(chǎn) 可能性邊界 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. 生產(chǎn)可能性邊界 生產(chǎn)可能性邊界 —— 表示一個經(jīng)濟在可得到的生產(chǎn)要素與生產(chǎn)技術(shù)既定時所能生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)量的各種組合的圖形。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. The CircularFlow Diagram 經(jīng)濟循環(huán)圖 Factors of Production 生產(chǎn)要素 u Inputs used to produce goods and services 用于生產(chǎn)物品與勞務(wù)的投入 u Land, labor, and capital 土地、勞動和資本 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 Services u Firms sell u Households buy Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. 經(jīng)濟循環(huán)流向圖 家庭 u 購買并消費物品與勞務(wù) u 擁有并出售所有生產(chǎn)要素 企業(yè) u 生產(chǎn)并出售物品與勞務(wù) u 雇傭并使用生產(chǎn)要素 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 SouthWestern Spending Goods and services bought Revenue Goods and services sold Labor, land, and capital Ine = Flow of inputs and outputs = Flow of dollars Factors of production Wages, rent, and profit FIRMS ?Produce and sell goods and services ?Hire and use factors of production ?Buy and consume goods and services ?Own and sell factors of production HOUSEHOLDS ?Households sell ?Firms buy MARKETS FOR FACTORS OF PRODUCTION ?Firms sell ?Households buy MARKETS FOR GOODS AND SERVICES Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 Services bought Labor, land, and capital Inputs for production Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. The CircularFlow Diagram Firms Households Market for Factors of Production Market for Goods and Services Spending Revenue Wages, rent, and profit Ine Goods amp。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. The CircularFlow Model 經(jīng)濟循環(huán)流向圖 The circularflow model is a sim
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