【正文】 寫設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書時(shí)要概念清楚，內(nèi)容正確，結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，文字通暢，用語(yǔ)符合技術(shù)專業(yè)規(guī)范，各種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)資料的運(yùn)用符合學(xué)科、專業(yè)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的規(guī)定，圖表清楚，圖面質(zhì)量符合要求，書寫格式規(guī)范。另外，要注意設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書結(jié)構(gòu)的合理性；總體設(shè)計(jì)方案要正確合理；結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的合理性，設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)的準(zhǔn)確性；社會(huì)調(diào)查的客觀性和科學(xué)性。 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)是在完成各項(xiàng)設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上，按上述內(nèi)容闡述設(shè)計(jì)的目的、過(guò)程、成果及結(jié)論。接著完成回流冷凝器結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與部分零部件選型，進(jìn)行設(shè)備強(qiáng)度 2 校核，利用 SW6 軟件包完成設(shè)備的強(qiáng)度計(jì)算，并以此計(jì)算結(jié)果作為最終結(jié)果，完成設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算說(shuō)明書。 本設(shè)計(jì)的目的和要求 首先查閱相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)資料了解回流冷凝器的基本原理、性質(zhì)及應(yīng)用，在化工生產(chǎn)中的地位和作用、回流冷凝器應(yīng)用的現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)、設(shè)計(jì)的理 論基礎(chǔ)、技術(shù)路線及其意義，對(duì)回流冷凝器設(shè)計(jì)有一個(gè)大體上的認(rèn)識(shí)和理解。同時(shí)日常生活中的暖通空調(diào)，北方冬天家里用暖氣等都需要提高能源利用率，這些都給換熱器帶來(lái)了日益廣闊的發(fā)展前景 。換熱器既可是一種單獨(dú)的設(shè)備 ,如加熱器、冷卻器和凝汽器等 。換熱器由于其在化工、石油、動(dòng)力和原子能等工業(yè)部門的廣泛應(yīng)用 ,使得換熱器的強(qiáng)化傳熱技術(shù)一直以來(lái)受到研究 人員的重視 ,各種研究成果不斷涌現(xiàn)。故在尋找新能源的同時(shí) ,也更加注重了節(jié)能新途徑的研發(fā)。 選題的依據(jù)和意義 回流冷凝器是將熱流氣體冷凝為冷流體。此外，換熱設(shè)備也可以回收余熱、廢熱特別是低位熱能的有效裝置。在化工廠中，回流冷凝器主要與釜式再沸器配合使用保 證精餾塔內(nèi)氣體冷凝成的液體有足夠的摩爾分率以滿足各行各業(yè)的需求。 Reflex condenser design [Abstract]: The reflex condenser is the chemical production process of existence and its general process, heat equipment for this process is various, is one of the indispensable process equipment. Due to the use of different conditions, heat exchange equipment can have various types and structure. The tubular heat exchanger applied more widely. Now, it is regarded as a kind of traditional standard heat exchange equipment widely used in many industrial departments, especially used in chemical, petroleum, energy equipment transfer equipment is still in a dominant position. Reeflex condenser is a change of thermal equipment, is the important equipment in the production. It is the role of the relatively low temperature water to take away the heat generated by the other device, so as to make part of the temperature is maintained at the required a production level, so that the normal operation of the equipment. Therefore, the production design of circulating water cooler of enterprise is very important, it is likely to affect the economic losses of enterprises, which is of great practical significance to the design. This design is for the study of fixed tube plate heat exchanger on the tube shell type. A fixed tube plate heat exchanger, belonging to the shell and tube heat exchanger, is the use of the high temperature fluid and wall temperature fluid of convective heat transfer and heat transfer between the material. In this design, the GB 1502020 , GB 1511999 pressure vessel shell and tube type heat exchanger standards and fixed pressure vessel safety technology supervision regulation as the basis, and with reference to Design Handbook heat exchanger, the scheme is demonstrated, to determine the physical material parameters, bined with the working conditions, select the type of heat exchanger. According to the design task, determine the process parameters on the heat transfer area, the total heat transfer coefficient, and heat transfer area, wall temperature and pressure drop calculation. Then the mechanical design based on process parameters, mechanical design including the tube, tube box, tube plate, baffle, head, tube heat exchanger, saddle and other parts, such as the bar, fixed pitch pipe calculation and selection, and calculated the strength necessary, finally using AutoCAD drawing fixed tube plate heat exchanger the assembly diagram and parts diagram, and writing a specification. [keyword]:tube sheet,heat exchange tube. 目 錄 1 概述 ..........................................................................................................................1 選題的根據(jù)和意義 ...........................................................................................1 本設(shè)計(jì)的目的和要求 .......................................................................................2 國(guó)內(nèi)外現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢(shì) ...................................................................................2 2 管殼式換熱器的分類和選型 .................................................................................3 分類 ...................................................................................................................3 任務(wù)安 排 .............................................................................................................6 選擇換熱器類型 .................................................................................................6 3 換熱器的工藝設(shè)計(jì) ..................................................................................................7 工藝計(jì)算 ...........................................................................................................7 流徑選擇 ....................................................................................................7 確定物性參數(shù) ............................................................................................7 傳熱平均溫度差的計(jì)算 ............................................................................8 計(jì)算傳熱面積 ............................................................................................8 計(jì)算工藝結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸 ....................................................................................9 換熱器核算 .....................................................................................................15 傳熱能力核算 ..........................................................................................15 壁溫核算 ..................................................................................................18 換熱器內(nèi)流體的流動(dòng)阻力 ......................................................................19 換熱器主要結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸和計(jì)算結(jié)果 .................................................................21 4 換熱器的機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì) ...............................................................................................22 計(jì)算筒體厚度 .................................................................................................23 筒體材料的選擇 ......................................................................................23 筒體厚度 .................................................