【正文】 pressive. Money can build cities, cure diseases, and win wars. The sudden acquisition of the stuff can toss our spirits into the air like a hat. Money can do considerably more. It offers power, an almost unique form of power, not simply because it allows us to acquire and possess things but because it is we who determine its worth。 says Lieberman. human ability to run ______. (A) was only recently described in a scientific journal (B) played an important part in human evolution (C) is now regarded as more important than the ability to climb trees (D) is surprising when we consider evolutionary trends to the passage, humans ______. (A) are better runners than most other animals (B) are not good at running short distances (C) pare unfavorably with horses and dogs (D) cannot run at top speed over long distances appears that the nuchal ligament _______. (A) is found only in modern primates (B) enables us to run with steady heads (C) prevents the head from moving (D) is a unique anatomical feature among all species passage suggests that _______. (A) we do not need calf muscles in order to walk (B) without shoulders we could not run very fast (C) the movement of our forearms is out of phase (D) our Achilles tendons are an adaptation for running to the passage, early humans _______. (A) killed animals by exhausting them (B) may have evolved big brains for running (C) peted with other animals for food (D) could probably run before they could walk Questions 1115 People value money desperately because they value one another desperately。 says Bramble, a biology professor at the University of Utah. Traditional thinking up to now has been that the distinctive, upright body form of modern humans has e about as a result of the ability to walk, and that running is simply a byproduct of walking. Furthermore, humans have usually been regarded as poor runners pared to such animals as dogs, horses or antelopes. However, this is only true if we consider fast running, or sprinting, over short distances. Even an Olympic athlete can hardly run as fast as a horse can gallop, and can only keep up a top speed for fifteen seconds or so. Horses, antelopes and greyhounds, on the other hand, can run at top speed for several minutes, clearly outperforming us in this respect. But when it es to longdistance running, humans do astonishingly well. They can maintain a steady pace for miles, and their overall speed pares favourably with that of horses or dogs. Bramble and Lieberman examined twentysix anatomical features found in humans. One of the most interesting of these is the nuchal ligament, a band of tissue that extends from a ridge on the base of the skull to the spine. When we run, it is this ligament that prevents our head from pitching back and forth or from side to side. Therefore, we are able to run with steady heads, held high. The nuchal ligament is not found in any other surviving primates, although the fossil record shows that Homo erectus, an early human species that walked upright, much as we do, also had one. Then there are our Achilles tendons at the backs of our legs, which connect our calf muscles to our heel bones— and which have nothing to do with walking. When we run, these tendons behave like springs, helping to propel us forward. Furthermore, we have low, wide shoulders, virtually disconnected from our skulls, another anatomical adaptation which allows us to run more efficiently. Add to this our light forearms, which swing out of phase with the movement of our legs to assist balance, and one begins to appreciate the point that Bramble and Lieberman are trying to make. But what evolutionary advantage is gained from being good longdistance runners? One hypothesis is that this ability may have permitted early humans to obtain food more effectively. 39。 pet as their own. (D) it cost a lot to have a pet. to the sales representative, the motion sensor _______. (A) is pet resistant (B) is set to cover the room floor (C) could be set off by a pet if it was near (D) could be set off by a pet if it jumped high enough word bickering in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to _______. (A) arguing (B) considering (C) persuading (D) consulting preferred their password for the alarm to be _______. (A) plicated (B) interesting (C) easy to remember (D) his own name Questions 610 An article published recently in the prestigious scientific journal Nature is shedding new light on an important, but hitherto little has been appreciated, aspect of human evolution. In this article, Professors Dennis Bramble and Daniel Lieberman suggest that the ability to run was a crucial factor in the development of our species. According to the two scientists, humans possess a number of anatomical features that make them surprisingly good runners. 39。t like each other39。t have a pet because _______. (A) they didn39。t the writer get the burglar alarm system switched on? (A) Because she didn39。t know how effective these alarms are against burglars, but Sprinkles hasn39。d settled on. Ummmm. The alarm, and Natalia, continued to go off. This went on for some time. Meanwhile, Natalia had dug through her bag, found the piece of paper I39。t find the code. On top of all this, my cell phone started ringing. This was the alarm pany, responding to the alarm and calling me to get the secret password— which was different from the shutoff code— required for them to shut off the system and prevent the police from rushing over to arrest Natalia for breaking and entering. Some weeks back, Ed and I had spent 15 minutes arguing over the secret password for the alarm. Ed is a fan of the plicated, hackerproof, identitytheftfoiling password, the kind that involves alternating capital and lowercase letters with obscure foreign accent marks, whereas I39。m a ca