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ers on their Web sites and ftp sites. Use the video card drivers rather than generic video chip drivers where possible. For example, for Diamond Multimedia video cards, both Diamond and S3, the manufacturer of the video chips used in the Diamond Multimedia video cards, provide video drivers. Diamond has substantially enhanced the drivers for Diamond cards over the drivers provided by S3. It can be very unclear that a faulty display driver is the cause of a problem in a PC. The digital video standards used in videoconferencing such as and work in the YCrCb color space rather than the RGB color space used by video cards and monitors. The latest generations of video chips provide hardware color space conversion. The chip converts the decoded video from the YCrCb (luminancecolor difference) video into RGB in hardware, providing a substantial speedup. Many chips provide hardware accelerated scaling of images. The need or desire to install a video card with these advanced features may arise. Under Windows 95, color space conversion and scaling are accessed through the DirectDraw API. The DirectDraw HAL (Hardware Abstraction Layer) provides the actual device driver. Under Windows , the standard Graphic Device Interface (GDI) provides no support for hardware color space conversion or scaling. The standard device drivers for video cards under Windows are GDI device drivers. Intel defined a standard called DCI, Display Control Interface, that supports advanced features such as hardware color space conversion and scaling. Under Windows 95, the correct DirectDraw device driver for a video card must be installed to access the hardware color space conversion and scaling features. Under Windows or Windows for Workgroups , a DCI driver must be installed to access these features. The videoconferencing application must support DirectDraw or DCI as appropriate. An application that uses the GDI calls cannot access the hardware acceleration features in general. Videoconferencing applications often include documentation, readme files, and so forth that list known conflicts or problems with video display hardware and drivers. Things To Do for Video Display Problems ? Reboot. ? Check for IRQ or other resource conflict. ? Check the videoconferencing system documentation for notes on problems with the video card. ? Make sure that you have the correct or latest version of the video display adapter device driver. ? Reinstall the video card using the Windows Control Panel. ? Reinstall the video card using the video card’s installation program. ? On Windows , manually install the drivers by editing (make backup of original ) ? Install a new or different video card. Video Capture Videoconferencing systems require a video capture system. A video capture system includes a video camera,