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外文翻譯---企業(yè)稅收籌劃的有效性-文庫吧資料

2025-05-22 10:44本頁面
  

【正文】 ) determining whether a potential employee qualifies for a payrollbased tax credit before the hiring decision is made, (2) consulting with the firm39。s SBU managers in the identification of taxplanning opportunities, but also their cooperation in developing and executing strategies to capitalize on such opportunities. In the context of lowering the ETR and increasing aftertax accounting ine, how do SBU managers participate in efforts that increase tax credits and lead to permanent differences that lower taxable ine? ColgatePalmolive39。s aftertax accounting earnings, the performance measure used in aftertax accountingbased bonus plans. Similarly, the ETR used in the current study is puted using total tax expense in the numerator, thereby excluding the effects of temporary booktax differences. Consistent with prior literature, Dhaliwal et al. (2020) find that firms with greater tax credits and absolute values of permanent booktax differences are more likely to pensate their CEOs on an aftertax basis. Because permanent differences can either increase or decrease taxable ine relative to book ine, they provide no direct evidence of an association between aftertax CEO pensation and lower ETR. The current study investigates this relation between aftertax CEO pensation and ETR. The first hypothesis, stated in alternative form is: H1: Using aftertax performance measures in CEO accountingbased bonus plans leads to lower ETR. This paper also extends the pre versus aftertax pensation analysis to SBUmanager incentive pensation plans. The need for SBUmanager involvement in taxplanning efforts is consistent with the coordination task that arises when specialists require input and cooperation from non specialists (Milgrom and Roberts 1992). The firm39。s taxplanning opportunities and the decision whether to use aftertax earnings in CEO bonus plans, but measures planning opportunities using only realized tax credits and absolute values of firms39。利用稅收籌劃的機會代理, 這些研究都發(fā)現(xiàn)了跨國公司的地位, 經(jīng)營分部的數(shù)量,企業(yè)規(guī)模,首席執(zhí)行官的報酬 和資本密集度呈正相關(guān), Atwood et al. (1998) 還提出證據(jù),充分利用這一負相關(guān)的選擇 。 II. 假說發(fā)展 Newman (1989), Cares and Guffey (2020), and Atwood et al. (1998) 調(diào)查作為稅后盈利企業(yè) 對 首席執(zhí)行官獎金計劃 包含 變量的選擇。 第四節(jié)提供了數(shù)據(jù)和 樣本 的討論 , 包括用于獲得所有的用于調(diào)查的報酬數(shù)據(jù)的簡要概述。 該文章的過程如下: 下一節(jié)闡述了在這項研究中測試的假設(shè)。符合 Guidry et al. (1999)表明了獎金導致事業(yè)部盈余管理水平的不同, 這 一發(fā)現(xiàn)提供了更多的有洞察力的影響,事業(yè)部經(jīng)理以會計績效為基礎(chǔ)對管理人員的行為進行激勵。 敏感性測試有助于進一步排除了稅收職能外包的比例 , 作為另一種解釋 , 統(tǒng)計上和經(jīng)濟上顯示 事業(yè)部經(jīng)理的稅后報酬和出口退稅呈負相關(guān)。公開數(shù)據(jù)用于構(gòu)造 出口退稅和其他變量 來測試 , 結(jié)果與假設(shè)一致,即事業(yè)部經(jīng)理 的報酬, 但 不包括 公司首席執(zhí)行官 的 ,與 稅后導致較低的出口退稅 有關(guān) ,估計使每年平均節(jié)省 1330 萬美元的稅款。因此,本研究著重于 在 管理者的基礎(chǔ)上實現(xiàn)的稅后補償效益,但不提供相關(guān)的成本,規(guī)模的證據(jù)。與稅后報酬有關(guān)的其他潛在費用包括向一個公司的事業(yè)部分配行政費用開支,稅務檢查成本增加,并增加稅務機關(guān)審查 頻率 。 對未來的發(fā)展模式是稅務策劃人與業(yè)務部門緊密 合作完成的 。與以前的研究相一致 ,包括與首席執(zhí)行官和事業(yè)部經(jīng)理選擇稅后模型的變量,對于一個企業(yè)的稅務籌劃的機會控制,因為這種機會的存在 會在 某種程度上反映了經(jīng)理人的行動,可以預期, 將會 降低出口退稅。要包括一個特別措施在經(jīng)理人的薪酬合同 中,這一原則要求持有一個衡量預期收益和負責任的經(jīng)理更加努力 工作來規(guī)避 所支付的附加工資之間的額外風險。為了解決這個問題,首席執(zhí)行官和事業(yè)部經(jīng)理關(guān)于稅后績效與出口退稅的聯(lián)系 依舊 采用兩步方式估計,可以幫助對潛在的內(nèi) 生性與相關(guān)偏見這兩個變量做出 正確的選擇。 以 某個側(cè) 面 來 研究 出口退稅與管理層薪酬的共同課題 ,衡量的結(jié)果是所有樣本公司可優(yōu)化關(guān)于被調(diào)查的選擇 (Ittner and Larcker 2020)。這項調(diào)查擴展到了事業(yè)部層次 ,這些部門 的 報酬 激勵 動機 與減少 稅收 的 目的 目的之間 存在明顯的沖突 (., McLemore 1997)以及 觀察的 經(jīng)驗是,大多數(shù)企業(yè)沒有這樣做 (., Douglas 6 et al. 1996)。 Atwood et al. 1998。 在此之前的稅后業(yè)績計量研究只集中于 首席執(zhí)行官們 的 報酬 的決定因素 為 預先 的 稅后收益 (., Newman 1989。 Healy 1985。 Swenson 1999)。盡管有這一局限性, 出口退稅 還是 被用來衡量稅收功能 性 支出的有效性 (米爾斯, 1998)和企業(yè) 各 部門 稅務績效 (道格拉斯, 1996)。 實際的 經(jīng)驗替代了出口退稅的稅務規(guī)劃效力 , 一個基礎(chǔ)的收入結(jié)果被合適的計量, 所得稅費用總額作為稅前收入 的一定比例, 通常測量 減稅策略將導致更高的稅后收入的有效性 。 關(guān)鍵 詞 稅收計劃 ; 性能指標 ; 內(nèi)源性的 處理 效果 引言 有效的 稅 收籌劃, 根據(jù) 斯科爾斯等人的定義 ( 2020) ,稅收籌劃 , 即 最大限度地提高公司的預期稅后 凈 現(xiàn)金流量,要求管理者要考慮他們的決定 所造成的 稅后 結(jié)果 。企業(yè) 的 主管 由于被激勵 獲得 的 專有 報酬 的數(shù)據(jù) ,運用 建模和 估計這 兩個步驟 來研究 有效稅率和稅后性能指標之間的關(guān)系 來 更正企業(yè)的管理人員 的 決定,以 修正 相關(guān)的內(nèi)生性偏置前與后的計稅基礎(chǔ)。 choices of aftertax earnings as the contracting variable in CEO bonus plans. These studies hypothesize that firms with greater taxplanning opportunities, consistent with the Antle and Demski (1988) controllability principle, are more likely to use aftertax performance measures. Using proxies for taxplanning opportunities, these studies collectively find that multinational status, number of operating segments, firm size, and capital intensity are positively associated with aftertax CEO pensation. Atwood et al. (1998) also presents evidence that leverage is negatively associated with this choice. 5 企業(yè)稅收籌劃的有效性:基于對 報酬 的激勵作用 (上) 約翰 D actions. Also, the estimated explicit tax savings resulting from aftertax performance measures provide corporate decision makers with information relevant to the design of SBUmanager incentive pensation plans. The paper proceeds as follows. The next section sets forth the hypotheses tested in this study. Section III outlines the empirical models and estimation procedures used in testing these hypotheses. Section IV provides a discussion of the data and sample, including a brief overview of the survey used to obtain proprietary pensation data. Results are presented in Section V. The final section provides the conclusion and a discussion of the study39。 potential ETRlowering actions that could have ambiguous effects on cash flows and aftertax profits are not driving this result. Further sensitivity tests help rule out the proportion of tax function outsourcing as an alternative explanation for the statistically and economically significant negative relation between after tax SBUmanager pensation and ETR. The results contribute to the accountingbased pensation literature by linking after tax accountingbased performance
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