外文翻譯--中國(guó)的人口老齡化-文庫吧資料
2025-05-22 08:13本頁面
【正文】 到的人口普查和調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)宏觀模擬了老年人生活安排的趨勢(shì)根據(jù)平均的生育率、死亡率、農(nóng)村 /城市遷移，結(jié)婚和離婚的假設(shè)。年齡超過 65 歲的空巢家庭將會(huì)達(dá)到 2020 年的三倍。面對(duì)如此已毀壞的非正式的老年支持體系，政府有必要加強(qiáng)其扶助的角色。 六、 結(jié) 論 目前正如三十年前一樣，人口過多仍是主要問題。 關(guān)注點(diǎn)從太多孩子去贍養(yǎng)變成太少孩子去贍養(yǎng)迅速老化的人口。這是一個(gè)極具挑戰(zhàn)性的問題，因?yàn)橹袊?guó)人均收入水平是同樣面對(duì)人口老齡化的發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家四分之一而已。中國(guó)將怎樣解決在致富之前先治老齡化，又是誰將會(huì)照顧這些老人呢？ 在中國(guó)已經(jīng)延續(xù)了幾個(gè)世紀(jì)的孝道深植于文化傳統(tǒng)中。有許多證據(jù)表明中國(guó)的父母和子女間有著緊密的聯(lián) 系和兩代間的凝聚力。在未來的幾十年里，家庭贍養(yǎng)體系仍然是一個(gè)不可或缺的角色來承擔(dān) 照顧 老人的責(zé)任。 Population Aging in China 1 Introduction The proximate determinants of population aging in China are fundamentally the same as those in any other country. It is an inevitable consequence of the process known as the “ demographic transition” in which declining fertility together with a rise in life expectancy leads to a shift towards an older age structure of the population. Yet, the story of population aging in China is unmistakably unique, shaped by its distinct historical, cultural, economic and political contexts. The pace of its aging trend is by itself unparalleled, with the proportion of older adults projected to grow from per cent to per cent over the first half of the twentyfirst century (United Nations 2020). As the most populous country in the world, this increase in the population of elderly translates to an astounding growth of 242 million people, which would qualify it It is the purpose of this chapter to examine the multifaceted process of population aging in China, with particular attention to its socialist/munist background. We begin by exploring the demographic determinants and trends of population aging, highlighting the role of state policies in facilitating the fertility and mortality declines. To address the issue of elderly caregiving, we examine the traditional family support system and the challenges it faces since the launch of the economic reform policies in 1978. We then review the ongoing pension and health care
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