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2025-01-27 10:49本頁(yè)面
【正文】 . Quite often these petitors will be a startup that existing panies ignored because what they were doing was not well accepted, and in any event did not appear to challenge the existing business: see The innovator39。t guarantee the very highest peak, but it can avoid being stuck on a lowranking one. This strategy is seldom available to a designer: it is difficult enough to e up with a single starting point, let alone multiple, different ones. So, refinement through testing in the world of design is usually only capable of reaching the local maximum. Is there a far better solution (that is, is there a different hill which yields far superior results)? Testing will never tell us. Here is where creative people e in. Breakthroughs occur when a person restructures the problem, thereby recognizing that one is exploring the wrong space. This is the creative side of design and invention. Incremental enhancements will not get us there. Barriers to Great Innovation Dramatic new innovation has some fundamental characteristics that make it inappropriate for judgment through testing. People resist novelty. Behavior tends to be conservative. New technologies and new methods of doing things usually take decades to be accepted sometimes multiple decades. But the testing methods all assume that one can make a change, try it out, and immediately determine if it is better than what is currently available. There is no known way to tell if a radical new idea will eventually be successful. Here is where great leadership and courage is required. History tells us of many people who persevered for long periods in the face of repeated rejection before their idea was accepted, often to the point that after success, people could not imagine how they got along without it before. History also tells us of many people who persevered yet never were able to succeed. It is proper to be skeptical of radical new ideas. In the early years of an idea, it might not be accepted because the technology isn39。t know. This is called the local maximum problem: you can39。s creative mind. Testing is effective at enhancing an idea, but creative designers and inventors are required to e up with the idea. Why Testing Is Both Essential and Inplete Datadriven design is hillclimbing, a wellknown algorithm for optimization. Imagine standing in the dark in an unknown, hilly terrain. How do you get to the top of the hill when you can39。s not important. As a result, there is a trend to eliminate designers. Who needs them when we can simply test our way to success? The excitement of powerful, captivating design is defined as irrelevant. Worse, the nature of design is in danger. Don39。s Industrial Design team. He showed me a foam mockup of a proposed product. Wow, I said, I want one! What is it? That experience brought home the power of design: I was excited and enthusiastic even before I knew what it was. This type of visceral wow response requires creative designers. It is subjective, personal. Uh oh, this is not what engineers like to hear. If you can39。Design Without Designers 網(wǎng)站截圖： 7amp。tn=sogouie_1_dg 原文： Design Without Designers I will always remember my first introduction to the power of good product design. I was newly arrived at Apple, still learning the ways of business, when I was visited by a member of Apple39。t put a nu
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