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外文翻譯---世界銀行對中小企業(yè)的援助計劃-其他專業(yè)-文庫吧資料

2025-01-27 09:17本頁面
  

【正文】 [24]Fama, E.amp。Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis,2021,39,pp227251. [18]Collins, .amp。Jamp。,Goldberg,LLewis, and financial structure:the limited liability effect[J].American Economic Review, 1986, (76):956970. [16]Chang structure as optimal contract[J].North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 1999, (10):363385. [17]Cole,RVojislav Maksimovie. Capital structures in developing countries[J].Journal of Finance, 2021, (56):87130. [14]Bradley, M., Jarrell, ., amp。Gordon, strategy and capital structure[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 1988, 9:623632. [9]Baxter , .amp。Moraes,C.,Determinants of the Firm’s Capital Structure:the Case of the Very Small Enterprises,Working Paper from Econpapers, 2021, 366358。 of capital structure:new evidence from Spanish Panel data[J].Journal of Corporate Finance, 2021, (7):7799. [4], , , , , 2021,“ Does Function Follow Organizational Form?Evidence from the Lending Practices of Large and Small Banks”,Board of Governors of Federal Reserve System Working Paper. 5]Azam,., and and Formal Credit Markets and Credit Rationing in Cote D’Ivoire,Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 2021,17(4),520532. [6]Bernanke,., the Black Box:The Credit Channel of Moary Policy Transmission[J].Journal of Economic Perspectives,1995,(9)。同時,該基金通過迅速增加中小企業(yè)的收入,生產率和就業(yè)增長來實現其發(fā)展目標。與此相反,許 多新興市場的私人股權投資者過去 4年里的出口令人失望。 中小企業(yè)援助基金會認為,他們的投資水平和投資后的努力允許它投資在相對具有吸引力的倍數。中小企業(yè)企業(yè)家在會計和其他財務文件方面的經驗不足,使得銀行 或其他潛在來源難以評估其信用及現金流量,從而不符合融資的條件。地方商業(yè)銀行也往往偏向于有相當大的資產的大公司借款人的。公共發(fā)展機構也會遇到對中小企業(yè)投資的高額的行政費用,再加上 SMEentrepreneurs可能不可靠。此外,投資本地中小型企業(yè)也往往涉及與對企業(yè)融資,商業(yè)做法,英語不太熟悉的企業(yè)家合作。但為什么有私人和公共金融機構都傾向于避免對他們進行投資呢?其原因是多方面的,并為大部分可以 理解的。另一方面,小企業(yè)經常在非正規(guī)部門,既不納稅,也不繳納社會保障款。在轉型國家和發(fā)展中國家的外國直接投資開放,他們也往往不成比例地比任何的更大和更小的同行多支付稅收和社會保障繳款。中小企業(yè)援助基金會的 CEO Bert van der Vaart寫道中小企業(yè)需要的并不是沒有機會獲得資本,而是在一個包含早期階段股權投資 加強技術援助的模型上前進 .這個以美國和荷蘭為基礎的非政府組織管理著 14個商業(yè)化投資基金,在全球范圍內具有 億美元總資產,并制定了獨特的 “股權加援助 ”對中小型企業(yè)投資的方式。 NEW IDEAS FROM THE WORLD BANK OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES World Bank Group SME Department Vol. 2, No. 1 March 2021 A thriving SME sector is crucial to spurring growth and reducing poverty in developing and transition economies. But financial institutions often avoid SMEs, sensing—understandably—that the transaction costs of financing them will be excessively high. What SMEs need is not to be left without access to capital, but approached on a new model that bines earlystage equity investment and performanceenhancing technical assistance, writes Bert van der Vaart, CEO of Small Enterprise Assistance Funds (SEAF). This US and Dutchbased NGO manages a work of 14 mercially driven investment funds worldwide with total assets of $140 million, and has developed a unique “equity plus assistance” approach to SME investing. Small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) Sare widely credited with generating the highes
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