【正文】 ntage, the MCS51 singlechip microputer from the rapid development of the microcontroller. Therefore, when we look back at the path of development of embedded systems, do not fet Intel and Philips in History. 2 Embedded Systems Embedded system microcontroller is an independent development path, the MCU important factor in the development stage, is seeking applications to maximize the solution on the chip。 for example a counter, whether electronic or mechanical, stores the current and increments it by one as required. A system such as an electronic clock which employs counters has its storage and processing capabilities spread throughout the system because each counter is able to store and process numbers. Present day microprocessor based systems depart from this conventional approach by separating the three functions of processing, storage, and transmission into different section of the system. This partitioning into three main functions was devised by Von Neumann during the 1940s, and was not conceived especially for microputers. Almost every puter ever made has been designed with this structure, and despite the enormous range in their physical forms, they have all been of essentially the same basic design. In a microprocessor based system the processing will be performed in the microprocessor itself. The storage will be by means of memory circuits and the munication of information into and out of the system will be by means of special input/output(I/O) circuits. It would be impossible to identify a particular piece of hardware which performed the counting in a microprocessor based clock because the time would be stored in the memory and incremented at regular intervals but the microprocessor. However, the software which defined the system?s behavior would contain sections that performed as counters. The apparently rather abstract approach to the architecture of the microprocessor and its associated circuits allows it to be very flexible in use, since the system is defined almost entirely software. The design process is largely one of software engineering, and the similar problems of construction and maintenance which occur in conventional engineering are encountered when producing software. The illustrates how these three sections within a microputer are connected in terms of the munication of information within the machine. The system is controlled by the microprocessor which supervises the transfer of 大連科技 學院 2021 屆本科生畢業(yè)設計 外文翻譯 2 information between itself and the memory and input/output sections. The external connections relate to the rest (that is, the nonputer part) of the engineering system. Microputers use RAM (Random Access Memory) into which data can be written and from which data can be read again when needed. This data can be read back from the memory in any sequence desired, and not necessarily the same order in which it was written, hence the expression ?random? access memory. Another type of ROM (Read Only Memory) is used to hold fixed patterns of information which cannot be affected by the microprocessor。大連科技 學院 2021 屆本科生畢業(yè)設計 外文翻譯 1 Microputer Systems Electronic systems are used for handing information in the most general sense。 this information may be telephone conversation, instrument read or a pany?s accounts, but in each case the same main type of operation are involved: the processing, storage and transmission of information. in conventional electronic design these operations are bined at the function level。 these patterns are not lost when power is removed and are normally used to hold the program which defines the behavior of a microprocessor based system. ROMs can be read like R