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【正文】 sitioned gate. Free surface profiles were measured with a point gage of $ mm reading accuracy. Due to free surface turbulence, flow depths could be read only to the nearest mm. For the shock waves described below, turbulence effects were larger, and the reading accuracy was within $2 mm. The reading position was determined with a meter along the channel。 (7) Corner vortices。 (5) Velocity field。 (3) Surface Ridge。 中文 2200 字 外文原文 Experiments in Fluids 27 (1999) 339— 350 SpringerVerlag 1999 Underflow of standard sluice gate A. Roth, W. H. Hager 1. Introduction Gates are a hydraulic structure that allows regulation of an upstream water elevation. Among a wide number of gate designs, the socalled standard gate with a vertical gate structure containing a standard crest positioned in an almost horizontal smooth rectangular channel has particular significance in low head applications. Surface roughness of both the channel and the gate is small and thus insignificant. Standard gates are used both in laboratories and in irrigation channels, large sewers or in hydraulic structures. Compared to overflow structures, or in particular to the sharpcrested weir, standard gates have received scarce attention. The knowledge is particularly poor regarding the basic hydraulics, whereas studies relating to vibration of these gates are available. The present project describes new findings on standard gate flow, involving: (1) Scale effects。 (2) Coefficient of discharge。 (4) Features of shock waves。 (6) Bottom and gate pressure distributions。 and (8) Vortex intensities. A novel device to reduce shock waves in the downstream channel is also proposed. 2. Present knowledge The present knowledge on gates was recently summarized by Lewin (1995). There is a short chapter on vertical gates containing some information on discharge and contraction coefficients,with a relatively large scatter of data. This reflects the present state, and gate flow is far from being understood fr
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