【正文】 es, the stoping has to expand horizontally and vertically in order to extract the full height and width of the mineralized zone .In a similar mining situation in portions of the Bonne Terre mine of the Old Lead Belt of Missouri , vertical pillars as high as m (200 ft) were left after many mining slices were removed. At the Iron Mountain mine near Pilot Knob ,MO ,an ore body the shape of the an inverted bowl was successfully mined by roomandpillar methods. 如果傾角允許，被采下的礦石依靠重力，與此同時，礦體的厚度比較薄或窄，這樣的礦不適合使用房柱采礦法。許多小房柱鉛鋅礦已在伊利諾伊州，威斯康星州的 礦山使用 ，以及在老的三州地區(qū)的密蘇里州，俄克拉何馬州，州和堪薩斯州。 While many of the mines use roomandpillar methods , a large percentage of very small mines also use them .In fact , while the size of the mass to be mined does affect the size of the operating mine , it has no effect on whether or not it is advisable to use roomandpillar mining . Many a small roomandpillar zinc mine has been operated in the IllinoisWisconsin area ,as well as in the old TriState district of Missouri , Oklahoma , and Kansas. Yet ,the same basic system is operating at White Pine where as much as 20 (22,500 stpd0has been produced . 而許多 礦山 使用房柱 采礦 的方法，很大比例的一個非常小的 礦山 還可以使用他們。顯然，這是適應(yīng)非常大的礦產(chǎn)儲量 。稍后在本節(jié)中 畢業(yè)設(shè)計英語翻譯 10 的方法加強巖石和細(xì)節(jié)的房間和支柱的百分比的設(shè)計以及允許提取的準(zhǔn)備金 ,將涵蓋。然而，有足夠的證據(jù) 房 柱采礦方法在相當(dāng)弱的 巖石中 使用，巖石不必完全 承受 。事實上，當(dāng)一個著眼于通常由房間和支柱方法開采 實力 （ 40,000 至 50,000 PSI）下降到 “主機 ”巖石類型，材料的廣譜 （ 4000? 5000），開采深度約 15米（ 50英尺）從不同超過 914米（ 3000英尺），人們開始認(rèn)識到與今天的方法，加強質(zhì)量或使用的設(shè)計工具的巖石巖石力學(xué)發(fā)展等系統(tǒng)的壓力拱面板和支柱系統(tǒng)，或使用高產(chǎn)制結(jié)構(gòu)或機械的預(yù)定率在最終失敗似乎，幾乎任何巖石將維持不立即主要支持 的開發(fā)開放，很可能一些房間和支柱采礦的形式進(jìn)行開采。 這由我們原始的描述的露天采場臺階，以及礦山開采的實踐與法規(guī)，可能包含或不包含 房 柱 加固。正在考慮的穩(wěn)固性系統(tǒng)設(shè)計的礦山工程師必須評估這些力量的一般程度，以及質(zhì)量將公開的開放的材料的強度。 The earth position consists of a number of materials , each having its own physical properties .There materials are arranged in the earth crust in various forms: solid or broken mass, homogeneous or nonhomgeneous , rock mass subjected to tectonic stress or rock free from tectonic stress, etc .However , as rock is normally encountered in mining , it is equilibrium with the other forces of nature . The mine engineer contemplating the design of an openstope system must assess the general magnitude of these forces , as well as the strength of the mass of material that will be exposed by the opening . Accordingly , he will design his extraction opening in such a way as to preserve the structure of the opening long enough to successfully plete the extraction . This , by our original description of an open stope , as well as mine practice and mining regulations , may or may not include roof and pillar reinforcement . Also , it may or may not include yielding rock structures that are gradually failing at a carefully monitored rate . In fact , when one looks at the broad spectrum of materials that are monly mined by roomandpillar methods ,from all types of “host” rocks ranging in strength of to (40,000 to 50,000 psi )down to to (4,000 to 5,000) , and at mining depths varying from around 15 m(50 ft) down to over 914m(3000ft ) ,one begins to realize that with today methods of reinforcing the rock massor by using the design tools of rock mechanics in developing such systems as the pressure arch panel and pillar systems , or the use 畢業(yè)設(shè)計英語翻譯 9 of a yielding structure or mechanical which at a predetermined rate eventually failit seems that nearly any rock that will sustain a development opening without immediate major support could probably be mined by some form of roomandpillar mining .This is not to say that it would always be wise to do so –indeed, it bees a matter of sufficient total recovery of the mineral as well as selecting the method which will yield the greatest financial gain . Yet , there is sufficient evidence of the use of roomandpillar mining methods in fairly weak materials that leads one to conclude that the rock need not be entirely petent .Examples of this are seen in many of the salt mines , the sandstone mining of New Mexico and Wyoming uranium districts , some of the brecciated riff zone structures of the New Lead Belt in Missouri , the mining at depth of the Nonesuch shale at White Pine , and the potash beds of Saskatchewan . Later in this section , methods of reinforcing rock and details of roomandpillar layouts as well as the percent of allowable extraction of the reserve , will be covered . 地球成分組成的材料的數(shù)量，每個有它自己的物理性質(zhì)，化學(xué)性質(zhì)的材料，在地殼中的各種形式的安排：固體或破損的 程度 ，同質(zhì)化或者非齊次，巖體受構(gòu)造應(yīng)力或巖石構(gòu)造應(yīng)力等。 并且退回最高的經(jīng)濟獲取的操作。 優(yōu)選的礦物補救 。 and an operation which returns the highest economic gain. 礦石和廢物在以后提出的物理性能的討論的目的是明確的讀者，為什么房間支柱挖掘具有廣泛的應(yīng)用。 optimal mineral recovery。當(dāng)然，有一些理想的條件下，相對高效的房和柱采礦，他們絕不是限制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)選 擇從哪個房柱采礦。 Structural Character of Deposits Minable by RoomandPillar 房柱采礦法的結(jié)構(gòu)特征 If most mining engineers were asked to describe ore bodies applicable to roomandpillar mining ,there first response would probably be to describe them as any ore body which is large, flat , and in petent rock . Certainly , there are some of the ideal conditions which make roomandpillar mining relatively efficient。圖 6 日和 7 日是典型的（ paulick， 1963）。 Finally, we e to the most mon of all roomandpillar mining systems and that which is basic to most coal mining in the United States .There are many different development plans ysed throughout the county, different primarily in pillar size and shape ,entry size, shape and number of parallel entries that must be developed simultaneously through the mine. Fig. 6 and 7 are typical (paulick,1963 ).They show not only different schemes of seam development , but also a difference in the method used for mining the pillars while retreating from the mining area. 終于，我們來到最常見的所有房柱采礦系統(tǒng)，這是在美國的大部分煤炭基本開采 方法 。在這里，面板，奠定了在一系列 （ 100英尺）采場和 米（ 100英尺）的支柱。大面積的工業(yè)