【正文】 ires from simply being able to see green space adds a new dimension to the previous research. t have time for a 90minute walk, this new study suggests just looking out a window at a tree can help fight off a bad habit. s view was greenery. s School of Psychology surveyed 149 respondents (應(yīng)答者) aged 21 o 65 about the proportion( 比例 )of green space in their neighborhood, the presence of green views from their home, their access to a garden and how often they use public green space. The study also asked questions about experiences with depression and anxiety, as well as desires for things like caffeine, alcohol and nicotine. Participants rated the intensity( 強度), imagery, and intrusiveness(侵擾性) of their desires on an 11point scale. A new study suggests a link between exposure to greenery and reduced desires for alcohol cigarette and junk food. 【點評】本題考點涉及推理判斷，詞義猜測和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。 （4）考查主旨大意。由此推斷，消極會消耗我們身體的能量，降低對疾病的抵抗力。re happy, but to slow down dramatically when we39。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的 being more focused on the positive things in life in an effort to enhance their immune functioning. 可知老人們更加關(guān)注生活中積極的事物，是為了增強他們的免疫功能。選C。因此，當我們的身體需要額外的能量時，（我們的身體）會去找免疫系統(tǒng)。 （1）考查推理判斷。十年前作者與生物學(xué)家羅伯特D.Age, health and happinessC.Being negative drains energy from our body, lowering resistance to disease.（4）Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A.Our ancestors evolved their immune systems in fighting against fierce animals.C. study? A.D.immune function and healthB.brain will satisfy it by sharing optional metabolic output（2）In paragraph 3 this relationship most probably refers to the one between ______. A.organs will speed up metabolic processes to answer itC.re not. With this background in mind, Trivers supposed that older people evolved a strategy of turning this relationship on its head, being more focused on the positive things in life in an effort to enhance their immune functioning. This was helped along by their knowing much more about the world than younger adults, so they can deal with some of the unpleasant things in life more easily.（1）According to Robert Trivers, when our body needs extra energy, ______. A. As a result, our immune system evolved to run in maximum amounts when we39。t need to waste energy making immune cells to fight off tomorrow39。 When our ancestors needed more energy than usual, perhaps while being chased by a tiger, they had to get that energy from somewhere in the body. Could they borrow it from the brain? That organ uses 20 percent of our metabolic (新陳代謝) output, whether we are solving math problems or watching television reruns. Due to this constant energy requirement, borrowing energy from the brain when our need surpasses the available supply is not an option. Perhaps we could borrow energy from our muscles. Because we use far more muscle energy when we are active than when at rest, in principle, we could borrow energy when we are sitting. But the problem is that most of the energydemanding emergencies of our ancestors required a muscular response. There was no way to borrow energy from our muscles during an emergency because relaxing when a tiger showed up was not an effective response. This brings us to our immune system, which, when strong, protects us from many illnesses and diseases. Like the brain, the immune system works at great metabolic cost, but largely in the service of keeping us healthy in the future. We have an enormous number of immune cells coursing through our body, a momentary break from production is fine. So, when our body needs extra energy, one of the places it goes is our immune function. When you39。 Studies show that older people tend to remember the positive things in life rather than the negative things, while younger people remember the positive and negative equally well. The dominant psychological theory to explain this is that older people are aware of their limited time left, so they prioritize positive emotional experiences. But about a decade ago, I worked with biologist Robert Trivers on his idea that there was an evolutionary basis for older people39。 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準確掌握細節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文進行推理，歸納，從而選出正確答案。d rather think of language as product of our thought, rather than of the arrangement of our teeth. In reality, though, any given language must be both.”可知任何一種語言的誕生都必須同時具備思想和飲食這兩種因素的影響。 （4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第三段中的“The argument goes that famers eat more cooked food and more dairy than hunter gatherers.”可知農(nóng)民比狩獵采集者吃更多的熟食和奶制品，即農(nóng)民們發(fā)f和v音的原因是他們喜歡吃更多的熟食。故選D。根據(jù)第二段中的“New research suggests that the apparently arbitrary distribution of some sounds around the world may be partially explained by diet.”可知某些聲音在世界范圍內(nèi)的任意分布，部分可以用飲食來解釋。根據(jù)第一段中的“By the age of one, they can recognize the significant noises around them and group them into a language.”可知一歲的嬰兒和成人相比更能識別出周圍的重要聲音，故選D。同時這也強調(diào)了人類特有的一切都是物質(zhì)和精神的結(jié)合:語言必須把聲音和意義結(jié)合起來，沒有真實的物體，意義就不可能存在或傳播。language consists of sound and meaning【答案】 （1）D（2）D（3）A（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，人們一直以來認為語言是思想的產(chǎn)物，但是有新的研究表明飲食對于語言也會產(chǎn)生一些影響。food determines our thoughtC.. A.constantly chewing harder foodsD.enjoying more cooked foodsB. making sounds of f and v is D.C.B.distinguish meaningful sounds（2）According to the passage, which of the following factors help shape language? A.classify the forms of noisesC.. A. Beyond these particular changes, the story highlights the way in which everything distinctively human is both material and spiritual: speech must bine sound and meaning, and the meaning can39。 Hunter gatherer languages very seldom use the sounds known as labiodentals (唇齒音)－those such as f and v－that are made by touching the lower lip with the upper teeth. Only two of the hundreds of Australian aboriginal languages use them, for example. But i