【正文】 to 10 trillion cells.
　　之所以會(huì)成為道德準(zhǔn)則，是因?yàn)槿绻覀儾粡氐仔薷娜梭w，那么我們就很難在火星上生存。s going to be really hard to live on Mars if we donamp。
　　And it bees a moral imperative because itamp。不是下個(gè)星期，不是下個(gè)月，也許就是11月，但也許是那之后的一萬年。順便提一下，這已經(jīng)在地球上上演過五次了。39。39。
　　And because of that, when an eddy shifts, when the Earth bees a snowball, when the Earth bees very hot, when the Earth gets hit by an asteroid, when you have supervolcanoes, when you have solar flares,when you have potentially extinctionlevel events like the next election
　　因?yàn)檫@樣的原因，當(dāng)小漩渦移動(dòng)的時(shí)候，當(dāng)?shù)厍蜃兂裳┣虻臅r(shí)候，變得炙熱的時(shí)候，當(dāng)?shù)厍虮恍⌒行菗糁械臅r(shí)候，當(dāng)我們遇到超級(jí)火山爆發(fā)的時(shí)候，當(dāng)我們遇到太陽耀斑爆發(fā)的時(shí)候，當(dāng)我們遇到潛在的 毀滅級(jí)事件的時(shí)候，比如下屆選舉這種事。現(xiàn)在，關(guān)于小漩渦的問題就是它們要消失了。s these upstream eddies that create biological order. Now, the problem with eddies is, they tend to disappear. They shift. They move in rivers.
　　一位偉大的物理學(xué)家曾說過，就是那些處于上游的小生物漩渦，創(chuàng)造了洶涌洪流當(dāng)中的秩序。s these little upstream eddies of biology that create order in this rapid torrent of entropy. So as the universe dissipates energy, thereamp。
　　So as a great physicist once said, thereamp。扔在超新星附近，死定了。扔在太陽上，死定了。他最喜歡說的一句話就是： 宇宙是百分之百邪惡的。39。這聽起來確實(shí)很恐怖，也很有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。s very different.
　　一瞬之間，就變得不止是一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)了，這些一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)累積起來，每次拿走一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)，直到它們匯集起來，讓你變得完全不同。s all these stacked little bits that allow you to take little portions of ituntil all the portions ing together lead you to something thatamp。s not just one little bit, itamp。
　　And all of a sudden, itamp。39。39。丘奇經(jīng)常上新聞，因?yàn)樗恢倍荚诿枋?一種可編碼細(xì)胞，以及將整個(gè)人類基因組 插入那個(gè)細(xì)胞。39。 讓它們更加高效的 過濾人體所不需要的雜質(zhì)。因此，如果我們可以改變器官中的細(xì)胞，也許我們就能使得 那些細(xì)胞更加耐輻射。我們一直以來想要做的事情之一，就是想出如何重新編碼細(xì)胞。文特爾和翰姆。39。39。39。也許會(huì)來自你們自身的基因編碼，重新制造身體的一部分，因?yàn)槟菚?huì)比任何一種假肢效果都要好。s a whole lot more effective than any kind of a prosthetic.
　　所以說，我們開篇就先不預(yù)測未來，讓我們看看當(dāng)下，發(fā)生在像 托尼?阿塔拉這樣的人身上的故事吧，托尼身上有著30多個(gè)再設(shè)計(jì)過的器官。t having something external, titanium. Maybe the ultimate prosthetic is take your own gene code, remake your own body parts, because thatamp。s happening in the present with people like Tony Atala, who is redesigning 30someodd organs. And maybe the ultimate prosthetic isnamp。s take whatamp。
　　So instead of making a prediction about the future to begin with, letamp。s very tough to make predictions, especially about the future.
　　當(dāng)然，就像約吉。
　　And Yogi Berra used to say, of course, that itamp。39。到了那時(shí)，就會(huì)有人自愿去安裝假肢了。你可以錄音，順便提一下，它們還可以承載手機(jī)功能。
　　You can have superhearing. You can have hearing in 360 degrees. You can have white noise. You can record, and oh, by the way, they also put a phone into this. So this functions as your hearing aid and also as your phone. And at that point, somebody might actually want to have a prosthetic voluntarily.
　　你可以聽到全方位的聲音。 也想要的東西，因?yàn)檫@種假肢所能做的，非常有趣，不僅僅能夠幫助你聽見聲音，還能幫助你專注于聽，能幫你聽見別處的聲音。它們變成了”。障礙人群”。 might want to actually have,because what this prosthetic does, which is really interesting, is not only does it help you hear, you can focus your hearing, so it can hear the conversation going on over there.
　　這是假肢的第四種境界。normalamp。 and they bee something that somebody who is amp。disabledamp。
　　This is a fourth sort of level of prosthetics. These are Phonak hearing aids, and the reason why these are so interesting is because they cross the threshold from where prosthetics are something for somebody who is amp。但是當(dāng)然，如果你的神經(jīng)是外緣的，或是假肢，舉個(gè)例子，光線或是液態(tài)金屬，那么你們就能增寬神經(jīng)元的直徑，從理論上來說，我們甚至 可以提升反應(yīng)速度，快到只要能看見槍口的 閃光，就能躲開子彈。re talking about.
　　如果我們能做到那一點(diǎn)，那么我們就可以改變 人類的基本組成部分了。
　　And if you can do that, then you can begin changing fundamental aspects of humanity. So how quickly you react to something depends on the diameter of a nerve. And of course, if you have nerves that are external or prosthetic, say with light or liquid metal, then you can increase that diameter and you could even increase it theoretically to the point where,as long as you could see the muzzle flash, you could step out of the way of a bullet. Those are the order of magnitude of changes youamp。而你們現(xiàn)在看到的 一件有趣的事情是，這些假肢已經(jīng)能融入人體骨骼當(dāng)中，能融入皮膚之中，也能融入肌肉組織之中。鮑登，修米?赫爾，喬?雅各布森，鮑勃?蘭登。s been thinking about how to connect the brain using light or other mechanisms directly t