區(qū)域經濟學regionaleconomicdevelopment第五章(參考版)
2025-08-06 15:52本頁面
【正文】 Human Capital is investment in people just as physical capital is investment in machinery, tools, equipment, etc. Human Capital is just as important as physical capital and in terms of regional development, it matters a great deal. Human capital theory looks at labour as a differentiated input or factor of production. It sees the possibility of improving the quality of labour through education, onthejob training, improved health, better nutrition, etc. Money spent on any of these activities in order to improve the quality of labour should be treated as investment, just as we call spending on new machines physical capital investment. Endogenous growth theory and a lot of other evidence like the experience of the highperformance Asian economies all confirm the importance of a welltrained population and labour force. As with the other factors we have been examining, human capital investment is not a guarantee of regional development but it is important as one ponent of development Education is most often used as a proxy for human capital investment. But it is important to recognize that education in terms of the formal school system may be a very imperfect measure of human capital investment. This being said, if we calculate the rate of return of various levels of education we find high rates of return for all levels of education, with primary education being the highest, secondary education next and higher education third. The way these rates of return are calculated is by looking at the difference in ine over an individual’s working life caused by education. So, for example, if we calculate the average earnings of a group of people with no formal education and one with primary education, then we can say that the difference in average earnings is due to the education the second group has received. This represents the benefits of education and if we also know the cost of this education, we can calculate the rate of return. The rate of return is revenue/cost x
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