【正文】 E 111. 。n No: 119,Trabzon. [2].Hashimi S, R., 2021, Traverse Adjustment Using Microsoft Excel Solver, ACSM/TAPS Conference, April 1921, Nashville,TN. [3]. 4, 2021,How to Create Visual Basic Macros by Using Excel Solver in Excel 97, Article ID: 843304. [4]. Fylstra, D., Lasdon, L., Watson, J., Waren, A.,1998, Design and Use of the Microsoft Excel Solver. Institute for Operations Research and Management Sciences. [5]. ElSheimy, N., Lecture notes Adjustment of Observation, ENGO 362, The University of Calgary Department of Geomatics . [6]. January 13, 2021. [7].Ziggy M., 1995, Teaching Linear Programming using Microsoft Excel Solver, Cheer (Computers in Higher Education Economics Rewiev),Volume 9, Issue 3. [8]. Veinott, A, F., 2021, Formulating and Solving Linear Programs in Excel Solver, Introduction to Optimization, MSamp。k Fak252。 Cilt 1, M252。zt252。 Sum of Δy = 0 Sum of interior angles = (n2)*200 (for closed traverse). Where n is the number of sides of closed traverse. Constraints in open traverses Selection of Objective model In the adjustment process, (vTPv) should be minimum since the goal of the adjustment is to 13 obtain the value that has maximum probability. 5. Results In this study, Standard Excel Solver that the software es with Microsoft Office CDRom is used. Standard Excel Solver supports just 200 decision variables [4]. The adjustment of medium and small geodetic works with standard Excel Solver is done easiness. The Premium modules of Excel Solver for adjustment of bigger works must used. Premium Excel Solver supports approximately 32021 decision variables [4]. Premium modules require additional cost. It has been proved that Excel Solver can be used to adjust 3D coordinates of the points pertaining to leveling works, closed and open traverses using least squares method. Excel solver also can be used to adjust the 3Dcoordinates of the points determined by GPS observations. The results obtained from Excel Solver are exactly the same as the results obtained from conventional data adjustment tools. Excel Solver has the following advantage anddisadvantages。 Loop Closure (Sum of the height difference) =0 The constraints in the closed traverse adjustment。 l ... vector of observation, A ... design matrix, x... vector of unknowns n observations and u unknown parameters lead to a design matrix A prising n rows and u columns. We have to add a noise vector v to the observations. l + v = A * x (2) The job of the adjustment is to find the set of unknowns which result in the “smallest” noise vector v. A possible criterion for the noise vector to be “small” is that its norm is small. vT * v = minimum. (3) This is the principle of least squares. The solution vector x of the unknown coordinates is then puted as: x = (AT * A)1 * AT * l (4) In addition, the observations are weighted according to their variance covariance. The weighting factor of an observation is the reciprocal of its variance, which, in turn, is the square of its standard deviation. That means that observations that is considered to be very accurate (small standard deviation) gets a big weighting factor and therefore strongly affects the adjustment result. On the other hand, giving an observation a big standard deviation(relatively to 12 the other observations) makes its impact on the adjustment result small. Then, we