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特殊的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式總結(jié)整理(參考版)

2024-11-05 01:13本頁面
  

【正文】 birdbirds pearpears flowerflowers roomrooms brotherbrothers sistersisters 3 不可數(shù)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一樣。[注]fish指魚的種類時,要加上-es構(gòu)成其復(fù)數(shù);當(dāng)指魚的條數(shù)時,單復(fù)數(shù)同形;指魚肉時,為不可數(shù)名詞。例如:babybabies citycities storystories partyparties ladyladies diarydiaries armyarmies centurycenturies copycopies,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的名詞加-es,如:classclasses boxboxes watchwatches speechspeeches busbuses brushbrushes benchbenches beachbeaches bossbosses churchchurchesmanmen womanwomen goosegeese footfeet toothteeth childchildren fishfish deerdeer sheepsheep mousemice fishermanfishermen 歌訣記憶:男人(man)?女人(woman)?a變e,鵝(goose)?足(foot)?牙(tooth)?oo變ee。(3)the United States,the United Nations應(yīng)視為單數(shù)。scissors剪刀 goods貨物 trousers/pants/shorts褲子 clothes衣服 glasses眼鏡,仍為單數(shù)的名詞(1)maths,politics,physics等學(xué)科名詞,為不可數(shù)名詞,是單數(shù)。除了這四個以-o結(jié)尾的名詞加-es外,其余的以-o結(jié)尾的名詞加-s。這9個名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時,都要改-f(e)為v,再加-es,其他的以-f(e)結(jié)尾的名詞則直接加-s變復(fù)數(shù)。ameter,two meters第二篇:特殊名詞復(fù)數(shù)一、1)單數(shù)名詞加s: students, apples, bags, trees, books, )以s、x、sh、ch結(jié)尾的名詞加es: glasses, boxes, brushes, )以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞,變y為i加es: cities, babies, ,或元音字母+y 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時,直接加s變復(fù)數(shù):如: boyboys monkeymonkeysholidayholidays 4)以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞,多數(shù)變f為v加es,如:halfhalves knifeknives leafleaves wolfwolveswifewives lifelives thiefthieves; 但有些詞只加s: roofs, proof s, )以o結(jié)尾的名詞,有些加es: heroes, tomatoes, : radios, zoos, pianos, )不規(guī)則名詞:foot→feet, goose→geese, tooth→teeth, child→children, man→me n, woman→women, sheep→sheep, deer→deer, mouse→)某些外來詞變復(fù)數(shù):datum→data, medium→media, bacterium→bacteria, curriculum→curricula, criterion→criteria, phenomenon→→analyses, basis→bases, crisis→crises, diagnosis→diagnoses.(is→es)8)復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù):以不可數(shù)名詞結(jié)尾的復(fù)合名詞無復(fù)數(shù)形式,如:homework.以man或woman為前綴的復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù),前后兩個名詞都變復(fù)數(shù),如:manservant→menservants, woman student → women students.其它復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù):grown up→grown ups, brother in law→brothers in law, stand by→stands )復(fù)合形容詞做定語時,其中的名詞保持單數(shù): a six year old boy,a two hundred page book people police cattle 等本身就是復(fù)數(shù)10)footfeet 腳toothteeth 牙齒mousemice 老鼠manmen 男人womanwomen 女人policemanpolicemen 警察sheepsheep 綿羊deerdeer 鹿childchildren 孩子oxoxen 公牛10)表示由兩部分構(gòu)成的東西,如:glasses(眼鏡), trousers, clothes 若表達(dá)具體數(shù)目,要借助數(shù)量詞 pair(對,雙)、suit(套),a pair of glasses。a pair of glasses。soninlaw→sonsinlaw十四、若表達(dá)具體數(shù)目,要借助數(shù)量詞例:pair(對,雙)。fatherinlaw→fathersinlaw岳父 manofwar→menofwar兵艦。shears大剪刀trousers長褲。scissors剪刀。police。traffic交通十二、另一些名詞則以復(fù)數(shù)詞出現(xiàn)的機(jī)會較多例:bellows風(fēng)箱。scenery風(fēng)景。machinery機(jī)械。help。clothing。salmon 鮭魚。cannon。woman→women十、有些名詞是單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)不分的例:deer。phenomenon→phenomena現(xiàn)象。memorandum→memoranda/memorandums備忘錄。man→men mouse→mice。goose→geese。foot→feet。basis→bases基礎(chǔ)。child→children。person→people。woman→women。deer→deer。sheep→sheep。media→mediae。formula→formulae。datum→data。stadium→stadia。calix→calices。restis→restes三、以ix結(jié)尾的名詞,通常將ix改變?yōu)閕ces,:尾音[iks]改讀[isi:z].例:matrix→matrices。naris→nares。cestus→cesti二、以is結(jié)尾的名詞,:尾音[is]改讀[i:z].例:axis→axes。focus→foci。讀音變化:尾音[Es]改讀[ai],其中[kEs]要改讀為[sai],[gEs]要改讀為[dVai].例:fungus→fungi。不過,我們還是可以通過一些比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)其中的一些奧妙。我們經(jīng)??匆姷挠衜anmen,womanwomen,childchildren等等。以o 結(jié)尾 加es 讀[z] ,tomatoes,potatoes,Negroes 加s 讀[z] Bamboos,radios,zoos,photos,pianos 以f,fe結(jié)尾 變f,fe為v,再加es 讀[vz] Leafleaves Lifelives Wifewives 加s 讀[s] Roofs, proofs, chiefs 第二部分:不規(guī)則變化我們經(jīng)常會看到有些名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時并沒有遵循上述規(guī)則。名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則:分為規(guī)
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