【正文】 He can play the can May you be in good health!省略if的虛擬條件 Were I you, I would not do it in this 。讓步狀語(yǔ) though, although, even if, even though, as, no matter what, whatever, no matter who, whoever, no matter which, whichever, no matter how, however, no matter when, whenever as在讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中常用倒裝形式；although和though用正常語(yǔ)序，可和yet連用，但不可和but連用十二。地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) where, wherever原因狀語(yǔ) because, as, since, now that because語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，since較弱，表示大家都明了的原因，as又次之。His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ．名詞性從句種類 作用 常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞 例句主語(yǔ)從句 在復(fù)合句中做主語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于名詞，一般置謂語(yǔ)之前，也可用it作形式主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)從句放主句之后 that, whether, if, as if, as though, who, whose, which, how, when, where, why, what, whatever, whoever, wherever Whether he will e or not doesn’t matter es here will be 在復(fù)合句中做表語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于名詞，位于系動(dòng)詞之后 It looks as if it is going to 在復(fù)合句中做賓語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于名詞 He asked me which team could win the 放在名詞之后(news, problem, idea, suggestion, advice, thought, hope, fact等)表明其具體內(nèi)容 You have no idea how worried we fact that he lied again greatly surprised 。The accident happened at the time when I 對(duì)先行詞作附加的說(shuō)明，與主句的關(guān)系不十分密切，較松散。如果有“正如，象”的含義，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放主句后，并無(wú)“正如”的意思。3． 先行詞本身是that時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用which, 先行詞為those, one, he時(shí)多用who。關(guān)系詞 先行詞 從句成分 例句 備注關(guān)系代詞 who 人 主語(yǔ) Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? whom, which和that在從句中做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常可以省略，但介詞提前時(shí)后面關(guān)系代詞不能省略，也不可以用that whom 人 賓語(yǔ) is the person with whom I am working The boy(whom)she loved died in the war..whose 人，物 定語(yǔ) I like those books whose topics are about boy whose father works abroad is my 人，物 主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ) A plane is a machine that can is the pop star(that)I want to see very 物 主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ) The book(which)I gave you was worth $ picture which was about the accident was 人，物 主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ) He is such a person as is respected by all of is the same pen as I lost 關(guān)系副詞 when 時(shí)間 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) I will never forget the day when we met which where 地點(diǎn) 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) This is the house where I was whichwhy 原因 原因狀語(yǔ) I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my which , who, whom的用法區(qū)別： 情況 用法說(shuō)明 例句只用that的情況 1． 先行詞為all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代詞時(shí)。The situation is book is well written.(常見(jiàn)分詞有astonishing, moving, tiring, disappointing, puzzling, shocking, boring, amusing及其ed形式)九．定語(yǔ)從句 ，在句中修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞多含有“令人…, , ”之意，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)特征，多表示主動(dòng)，主語(yǔ)多為物。It is no use saying that again and is my 無(wú)名詞的性質(zhì)，不能做主語(yǔ)。做表語(yǔ)有時(shí)可和主語(yǔ)交換位置，而且意義不變，并且還能用what來(lái)提問(wèn)主語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，尚未完成 I found her listening to the 動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。其形式為：need(needs/needed)/dare(dares/dared)to do, don’t(doesn’t/didn’t)need/dare to do八．非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、意義及構(gòu)成： 非謂語(yǔ)形式 構(gòu)成 特征和作用時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) 否定式 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不定式 to do to be doingto have done to be done to have been done 在非謂語(yǔ)前加not for do ，副詞和形容詞的作用 在句中做主、賓、定、表和狀語(yǔ)分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞 doing having done being done having been done 具有副詞和形容詞的作用 在句中做定、表、賓補(bǔ)和狀語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞 done 動(dòng)名詞 doing having done being done having been done sb’s doing 具有名詞的作用 在句中做主、賓、定和表語(yǔ)： 情況 常用動(dòng)詞只接不定式做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞 hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen只接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ) mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist, considercan’t help, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to兩者都可以 意義基本相同 begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue（接不定式多指具體的動(dòng)作，接動(dòng)名詞多指一般或習(xí)慣行為）need, want, require（接動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，若接不定式則應(yīng)用被動(dòng)形式）意義相反 stop to do 停止手中事，去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事意義不同 remember/forget/regret to do（指動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生）remember/forget/regret doing（指動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生）go on to do（接著做另外一件事）go on doing（接著做同一件事）try to do（設(shè)法，努力去做，盡力）try doing（試試去做，看有何結(jié)果）mean to do（打算做，企圖做）mean doing（意識(shí)是，意味著）can’t help to do（不能幫忙做）can’t help doing（忍不住要做）：常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞 與賓語(yǔ)的邏輯關(guān)系及時(shí)間概念 例句不定式 ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want, wish, encourage 主謂關(guān)系。： 兩者作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。另外，兩者不能重疊使用。但be able to可以表達(dá)“某事終于成功”，而can無(wú)法表達(dá)此意。The weather in that city could be cold could have walked there?？捎糜诳隙ň浜头穸ň?。“肯定，一定”語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)，只用于肯定句中。如： It is believed that… It is generally considered that… It is said that… It is well known that… It must be pointed out that… It is supposed that… It is reported that… It must be admitted that… It is hoped that… 下面主動(dòng)形式常表示被動(dòng)意義：如：The window wants/needs/requires book is worth reading door won’t shut./ The play won’t clothes washes well./ The book sells dish tastes delicious./ Water feels very ：leave, enter, reach, bee, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out, e about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, have on, lose heart等等七．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 用法 否定式 疑問(wèn)式與簡(jiǎn)答can 能力（體力，智力，技能）允許或許可（口語(yǔ)中常用）可能性（表猜測(cè)，用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句中）can not / cannot /can’t do Can…do…? Yes,…,…can’ couldn’t domay 可以（問(wèn)句中表示請(qǐng)求）可能，或許（表推測(cè)）祝愿（用于倒裝句中）may not do May…do…? Yes,…,…mustn’t/can’ might not do Might…do…? Yes,…might No,…might 必須，應(yīng)該（表主觀要求）肯定，想必（肯定句中表推測(cè)）must not/mustn’t do Must…do…? Yes,…,…needn’t/don’t have to 只好，不得不（客觀的必須，有時(shí)態(tài)人稱變化）don’t have to do Do…h(huán)ave to do…? Yes,…,…don’ to 應(yīng)當(dāng)（表示義務(wù)責(zé)任，口語(yǔ)中多用should ought not to/oughtn’t to do Ought…to do…? Yes,…,…oughtn’ 將要，會(huì)用于一三人稱征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)用于二三人稱表示許諾、命令、警告、威脅等 shall not/shan’t do Shall…do…? Yes,…,…shan’ 應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該（表義務(wù)責(zé)任）本該（含有責(zé)備意味）should not/shouldn’t do Should…do…? will 意愿，決心請(qǐng)求，建議，用在問(wèn)句中would比較委婉 will not/won’t do Will…do…? Yes,…,…won’ would not/wouldn’t dodare 敢（常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中）dare not/daren’t do Dare…do…? Yes,…,…daren’ 需要必須（常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中）need not/needn’t do Need…do…? Yes,…,…needn’ to 過(guò)去常常（現(xiàn)在已不再）used not/usedn’t/usen’t to do didn’t use to do Used…to do…? Yes,…,…use(d)n’…use to do…? Yes,…,…didn’, may, might, could, can表示推測(cè)：以must為例。固定結(jié)構(gòu)be going to, used to, have to, had better變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)態(tài)時(shí)，只需將其后的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)態(tài)。I have been reading that book all the 。一般不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞也不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。簡(jiǎn)言之，僅談過(guò)去，不關(guān)現(xiàn)在。簡(jiǎn)言之，利用過(guò)去，說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在。如：favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect。如：The harder you work, the more progress you will 。 as…as…以及not so(as)…as…如：I am not so good