【正文】 engineers will be frequent participants in multidisciplinary research 。 engineers of the future will be integrating a wider range of scales than any other branch of , future chemical and engineers will conceive and rigorously solve problems on a continuum of scales ranging from ，未來的化學工程師們要準備好解決從微型的到巨型的規(guī)模范圍內(nèi)出現(xiàn)的問題。這種方式不包含限于某個給定工廠的利潤的私人的或特殊的知識。堿性條件下的水解反應叫做皂化反應。然而發(fā)酵過程不能利用多糖，因此，淀粉必須先受到酸性或酶水解反應，生成更簡單的糖類，是合適的起始原料。 contrast to inorganic chemicals which, as we have already seen,are derived pfom many different sources, the multitude of mercially important organic pounds are essentially derived from a single in excess of 99% of all organic chemicals is obtained from crue oil and natural gas via petrochemical ，商業(yè)上的一些重要的有機化合物基本上來源單一。一些較重要的來源是金屬礦以及鹽和海水。如此的數(shù)量與理論上可能形成的含碳化合物的數(shù)量相比，相形見絀。這種合作所采取的方式可以是對如何使用一種化學產(chǎn)品提出建議，或者是生產(chǎn)出一種新的化學產(chǎn)品以解決客戶的某個特殊的困難。他們還研究一些提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、減少空氣和水中環(huán)境污染的措施。確實，曾經(jīng)有些車間因為沒有預計到的問題如控制、腐蝕、雜質(zhì)或因為經(jīng)濟方面的問題而從來沒有運轉(zhuǎn)過。中間經(jīng)常會遇到要求設備完善的問題。化學工程師的職責就是詳細說明所有過程中的流速和條件，設備類型和尺寸，制造材料，流程構(gòu)造，控制系統(tǒng)，環(huán)境保護系統(tǒng)以及其它相關(guān)技術(shù)參數(shù)。如果結(jié)果顯示投入的資金不能有足夠的回報，這項計劃將被停止。 the pilot plant is operational, performance and optimization data can be obtained in order to evaluate the process from an economic point of profitability is assessed at each stage of the development of the it appears that not enough money will be made to justify the capital investment, the project will be ，就能獲得性能數(shù)據(jù)和選定最佳數(shù)值以便從經(jīng)濟學角度對流程進行評價。1 chemical industry is a very high technology industry which takes full advantage of the latest advances in electronics and are very widely used for all sorts of applications, from automatic control of chemical plants, to molecular modeling of structures of new pounds, to the control of analytical instruments in the ，它需要利用電子學和工程學的最新成果。 terms of shelter the contribution of modern synthetic polymers has been are tending to replace traditional building materials like wood because they are lighter, maintenancefree講到住所方面現(xiàn)代合成高聚物的貢獻是巨大的。這些產(chǎn)品再被用來生產(chǎn)消費品，這些消費品可以使我們的生活更為舒適或者作藥物維持人類的健康或生命。 present, however, many intermediates to products produced, from raw materials like crude oil through(in some cases)many intermediates to products which may be used directly as consumer goods, or readily converted into difficulty cones in deciding at which point in this sequence the particular operation ceases to be part of the chemical industry’s sphere of ，從一些原料物質(zhì)像用于制備許多的半成品的石油，到可以直接作為消費品或很容易轉(zhuǎn)化為消費品的商品。這要歸因于新染料的發(fā)現(xiàn)以及硫酸的接觸法生產(chǎn)和氨的哈伯生產(chǎn)工藝的發(fā)展。第五篇：化學工程與工藝專業(yè)英語 the use of chemicals dates back to the ancient civilizations, the evolution of what we know as the modern chemical industry started much more may be considered to have begun during the Industrial Revolution, about 1800, and developed to provide chemicals roe use by other ，我們所謂的現(xiàn)代化學工業(yè)的發(fā)展卻是非常近代（才開始的）。要求：掌握液體、固體有機物的熔點測定方法。二、有機技能考核內(nèi)容及要求：安裝回流、分餾、常壓蒸餾、水蒸氣蒸餾等儀器裝置組裝。并能由固體試劑或者較濃準確濃度溶液配制準確濃度溶液。學習吸管、容量瓶的使用方法。l1的醋酸溶液。(3)H2O、CuSO4）(2)配制100m1 專升本《化學工程與工藝》專業(yè)升學考試專業(yè)實踐考核大綱（100分）技能考試科目：無機化學技能操作、有機化學技能操作。分子擴散與菲克定律、氣相中的穩(wěn)定分子擴散、液相中的穩(wěn)定分子擴散、擴散系數(shù)、對流傳質(zhì)、吸收過程的機理、吸收速率方程式。理論板的概念及恒摩爾流假定、物料衡算和操作線方程、進料熱狀況的影響、理論板層數(shù)的計算、回流比的影響及其選擇、圖解法、簡捷法求理論板層數(shù)。相律和拉烏爾定律、相對揮發(fā)度、兩組分理想溶液的氣液平衡相圖。無相變時的對流傳熱系數(shù)。傅立葉定律、導熱系數(shù)、平壁熱傳導、圓筒壁熱傳導。離心泵的工作原理和主要部件、離心泵的基本方程式、離心泵的性能參數(shù)與特性曲線、離心泵的性能改變和換算、離心泵的氣蝕現(xiàn)象與允許吸上高度、安裝高度,離心泵的工作點與調(diào)節(jié)、離心泵的類型與選型。流量與流速、穩(wěn)定流動與不穩(wěn)定流動、連續(xù)性方程式、能量衡算式、柏努利方程式的應用，流體在直管中的流動阻力、