石油工程輸油管道的安全管理研究(參考版)
2024-12-11 00:27本頁(yè)面
【正文】 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 石油工程輸油管道的安全管理研究 輸油管道的安全管理研究 Pipeline Safety Management Research 前言 我國(guó)已建成油氣管道 4 萬(wàn)多公里其中東部許多管道運(yùn)行已接近或超過(guò) 20 年逐步進(jìn)入后期事故多發(fā)階段由于建設(shè)當(dāng)時(shí)的技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)條件所限設(shè)計(jì)施工水平材料缺陷多年運(yùn)行的損傷等原因管道安全存在不少隱患近年來(lái)隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展城市及城鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)廠礦及交通設(shè)施建設(shè)也日益頻繁違章施工傷害管道違章建筑占?jí)汗艿赖氖录龆嗟谌焦室馄茐囊?發(fā)的管道泄漏事故呈上升趨勢(shì)更給管道系統(tǒng)的安全造成嚴(yán)重威脅 2021 年底在蘭成渝成品油管道的廣元段因打孔盜油造成汽油噴射泄漏的惡性事故就是典型的例子 由于上述原因我國(guó)油氣管道事故率比發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家要高很多倍據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)近 30 年來(lái)歐洲前蘇聯(lián)美國(guó)的輸氣管道事故率 單位次 千公里年 分別為 042046060 總平均值大致為 05我國(guó)四川地區(qū) 12條輸氣管道的事故率為 43西歐 17國(guó)輸油管道泄漏事故率 2021 年為 025 我國(guó)東北和華北地區(qū)輸油管道運(yùn)行以來(lái)粗略統(tǒng)計(jì)事故率要超過(guò) 20 已建成的西氣東輸管道蘭成渝成品油管道陜京輸氣管道及建設(shè)中的 陜京二線大西南成品油管道和計(jì)劃建設(shè)的西部原油成品油管道等都是大口徑長(zhǎng)距離高壓力的大型管道系統(tǒng)是西部大開(kāi)發(fā)的重點(diǎn)工程它們的安全運(yùn)行對(duì)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)有重大意義這些管道經(jīng)過(guò)沙漠高山通過(guò)濕陷性黃土區(qū)域及多條地震斷裂帶沿線地形地貌復(fù)雜地質(zhì)災(zāi)害類(lèi)型多頻率高 2021 年投產(chǎn)的甬滬寧原油管道及建設(shè)中的沿江輸油管道等都是建在人口及城鎮(zhèn)最密集的華東沿海地區(qū)這些管道一旦泄漏或發(fā)生火災(zāi)爆炸事故將產(chǎn)生重大損失及惡劣影響當(dāng)前形勢(shì)下油氣管道安全的重要性和緊迫性更為突出增強(qiáng)安全生產(chǎn)意識(shí)提高安全管理水平保障油氣管道安全運(yùn)營(yíng)是擺在我國(guó)儲(chǔ)運(yùn)工程技術(shù)人員 和管理人員面前的重要任務(wù) 關(guān)鍵詞管道管理安全事故 ABSTRACT China has built more than 40000 km of oil and gas pipelines including many of the eastern pipeline running close to or over 20 years gradually entered the postaccidentprone stage Limited due to the construction of technical and economic conditions at that time the design construction level material defects many years of running injury and other reasons pipeline safety there are many hidden dangers In recent years with rapid economic development the construction of cities and towns factories mines and transportation facilities have bee increasingly frequent and illegal construction damage the pipeline the increased incidence of illegal buildings to tie up the pipelineThe thirdparty intentional destruction of a pipeline spill caused by an upward trend a more serious threat to the safety of the pipeline system In Guangyuan segment of the LanzhouChengduChongqing oil product pipeline by the end of 2021 is a typical example of the serious accident of gasoline injection leak caused by punching Stolen For these reasons Chinas oil and gas pipeline accident rate many times higher than in developed countries According to statistics nearly 30 years Europe former Soviet Union the US gas pipeline accident
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