【正文】 s physical life and mental life. So, during the period of planning, designing and implementing of the project, special attention should be paid not only on how the project may help poverty reduction and life improvement in beneficial areas, but also on how to make PAPs 。s increasing demand of physical life and mental life to the utmost extent. For example, the prime objective of Baise Project is to safeguard the security of people39。 as to those indexes which cannot be quantitated, it had better be converted qualitative to quantitative by certain methods such as fuzzy mathematics, multiobjectives decisionmaking and other suitable methods. Principle of equity and justice. This demands that the positive and negative impacts caused by project be taken into account sufficiently during planning, designing and implementing the project. All kinds of relations among stakeholders involved in project should be treated with equity and justice, so as to not prick up inequality, or even cut down the inequality as much as possible. Doing this is to ensure the interests of majority people with no loss of other people39。 helps to avoid or decrease social risks in implementing and operating project, improve the investment benefit. 4 PRINCIPLES OF SOCIAL ASSESSMENT Social assessment should stick to the principle of based on human, putting human function and human development into primacy. The detail principles are as follows: Principle of multiobjectives prehensive assessment. Social effect assessment should keep to the principle of multiobjectives prehensive assessment. Each objective and its evaluation index have different position and different importance, so to evaluate the importance (weight) of each objective is necessary, and administrative levels analysis and the method of grading by experts can be adopted. That is the satisfactory degree of detail index may be quantitated or convert from qualitative description to quantity, then translate multiobjectives into single objective through certain mathematics methods, and obtain the evaluation result according to the value of single objective at last. Principle of systematism. Systems analysis should be adopted in water conservancy and hydropower project. Not only the social effects brought by prospective project oute, but also the social cost should be taken into consideration. Combining the source input and benefit output, it is to analyze systematically whether the social benefit can make for the social cost and how much benefit can be obtain finally. Principle of bining qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis. Social effects of water conservancy and hydropower projects can be embodied from many aspects and their stand or fall can be evaluated by different criterions and indexes. Some indexes are difficult to quantitate exactly。 etc. The emphasis of development stratagem in China has experienced the change from economy growth to harmonious social development. And social development has obtained the granted considerations. Social assessment has carried out the viewpoint of based on human in social development. To study the relation between project and human is in favor of coordinating the relationship among stakeholders and promoting the sustainability and adaptability of the project. To carry out social assessment in water conservancy and hydropower projects helps to realize the harmony and coherence between national economic development objective and social development objective, avoid pursuing financial benefit merely。 acceptability in culture and adaptability in special group when designing。 to carry out suggestions to optimize the design, avoid social risks and promote the implementation of the project. 3 MEANING OF WATER CONSERVANCY AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT PROJECTS The development of the water conservancy and hydropower projects demands social assessment. And the economic growth is not in vacuum circumstance while goes with all kinds of social relations, which have affects on decisionmaking, scale and oute of the project. Social factors related to development should be taken into serious account if want to realize the established objectives of the project. For instance, economic, social and cultural characters of local area where project is constructed, including the possible negative impacts (such as resettlement)。 and then carry out a scheme to harmonize project with local society, to avoid social risks, to promote implementation of the project and to keep the social stabilization. In penman opinion, water conservancy and hydropower projects social assessment is also a tool same as economic evaluation and financial evaluation. It is applying sociology methods to assess the contributions and impacts of the project construction in realizing social development objectives from the angle of sociology。 ca n identify potential negative effects caused by projects。 can design specific benefit for specific beneficiary。 Francis Group, London, ISBN 04 1536 240 7:239245 Study on social assessment of dam projects Shaojun Chen University of Hohai, China ABSTRACT: Social assessment of water conservancy and hydropower projects is to evaluate the contribution and impacts on social development objectives brought by the construction of such projects. It is to evaluate objectively the social effects from the angle of the whole society, so as to optimize the design and promote the implementation of the project. Social assessment should stick to the principle of Put the person in the first place, putting human function and human development into primacy. And the detail principles are principles of multiobjectives prehensive assessment, systematism, bining qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis, equity and justice, public support and participation, improving livelihood, welfa