【正文】 ）。例：The visitors who knew the danger could not go any ，（一部分人）The visitors, who knew the danger, could not go any 。After he had been asked to drive out of town, he began to acquire having been asked to drive out of town, he began to acquire I had been elected drive out of town, he began to acquire having been elected drive out of town, he began to acquire , pratice/advice enjoy/entertain/amuse ： ：official/employee/shop assistant/clerk/officer hang/hung, hang/hanged ：summary of unit 4 out(滾出去，出去)/get into（進(jìn)去）/get on（進(jìn)展）/get on with（繼續(xù)，相處）/get off（逃脫）/get （取下）/get over（恢復(fù)，結(jié)束）/get though（通過考試，吃完）變成：grow: 漸漸變成，強(qiáng)調(diào)過程，比get更正式 get: 口語中最常用，同growturn: 變得和以往完全不同，往往是變壞，變色，變聲，變質(zhì)，turn red/pale/sourgo: 進(jìn)入某種狀態(tài)，不好的狀態(tài)，go bad ,go sour e: 強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果，e real, e true, e loose，fall: 陷入，變成某種狀態(tài)，后面不能加形容詞比較級(jí)，fall asleep, fall ill As usual/than usual between/amongmanager/director/headmaster/headmistress/principal/president 1． 用who, which引導(dǎo)，前面用逗號(hào)隔開，起補(bǔ)充說明的意思，如去掉不影響整個(gè)句子的意思。I could have saved more ． Might/must have done表示對(duì)過去事實(shí)的推測6． Couldn’t have done表示對(duì)過去事實(shí)的否定推測，表示不可能 He couldn’t have stolen the , let , let , let Agree/accept Dress up/dress ： have :n使別人為我們做某事I have the car has his hair officer had the clock ：I have my wallet had his teeth knocked sister has her bike ：當(dāng)這個(gè)名詞作為一個(gè)整體使用時(shí)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，當(dāng)這個(gè)名詞作為一個(gè)組成整體的若干人時(shí)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。3． Had to do 表示過去必須做某事，should have done, ought to have done表示過去本應(yīng)該做某事而沒做。里面 off表示離開in/with還可以表示穿戴,with可以表示帶有或長有：a woman in a blue dress, a girl with a hat, a man with a beardumake ，變被動(dòng)時(shí)要加toHis father made to quit his was made to quit the Let’s表示建議：Let’s go out for a us go out ：Don’t let us…/Let’s don’t… ：據(jù)說：it is said/ it was said that強(qiáng)調(diào)：It is/was+ 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who從句 I ate the apple two hours was I who ate the apple two hours was the apple that I ate two hours was tow hours ago that I ate the +動(dòng)詞原型I did eat the apple two hours ：u帶to的不定式及其變體：in order to, so as toI came to this school to/in order to/so as to learn came here not to study Chinese but to study EnglishSo as not to/in order not toEvery morning I got up very early in order not to be +不定式，不定式常表示賓語的目的： I want something to need a pen to me a chair to that/in order that 引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句，主句一般用現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)時(shí)，從句要用shall, may, can, willHe speaks very loudly in order that his grandpa can hear studies very hard so that she can enter ，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)時(shí)，從句要用should, could, might, wouldThe teacher wrote the excerises on the blackboard so that the students would see them when they came sent a letter to his mother so that she could learn the good +for+名詞/代詞 He sent a letter for his mother to learn the good ：arrive, e, go, leave用在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)句子里可以表示不遠(yuǎn)的將來發(fā)生的事情。不能替換的情況：nused to do表示與現(xiàn)在強(qiáng)烈對(duì)照時(shí)，不可以用would I used to get up early every day, but I get up very late to do描寫過去狀態(tài)，would只表示過去特有的習(xí)慣和行為。,現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞 refuse/deny, bring/take/fetch, very/too 定冠詞用法(1)特指(2)地理名詞前加定冠詞 l河流the yellow river l山脈the Alps, the Himalayasl海峽海灣the Taiwan Straits, the English Channel(3)由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前要加定冠詞l國名及政治組織名the United States, the United Kingdom l某些機(jī)構(gòu)學(xué)校及建筑名the British Museuml由普通名詞構(gòu)成的報(bào)刊雜志名the New York Times, the Times 零冠詞 , 機(jī)場, 公園, 橋梁名: Kennedy Airport, Beijing Railway Station, London BridgeYale University, Cambridge University Day, May Day, News Years’ Day Time, Reader’s Digest Water boils at 100 can not live without is is difficult to to do 用法Used to do 表示過去常常做某事現(xiàn)在不做了 I used to get up at seven o’, save, very/too, 比較狀語從句（見復(fù)合句比較狀語從句）A/one的區(qū)別 Passed/past, next/other 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí): is/am/are done 一般過去時(shí): was/were done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí): is/am/are being done 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí): have/has been done 過去完成時(shí): had been done 一般將來時(shí): will be done 過去將來時(shí): would be done過去進(jìn)行時(shí): was/were being done情態(tài)動(dòng)詞: can be done, must be done, could be done, may be done, might be done，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞完成式: can have been done, must have been done, could have been done, may have been done, might have been done，Call at(拜訪某地), call out at(大聲喊), call on(拜訪某人), call sb up(給某人打電話), call off(取消)+謂語(感官動(dòng)詞)+doing表示正在發(fā)生的事情,+do So+adj./+：so manywill/be going to do一般情況下可以相互替換,但是要表示說話人決定做某事或者表示建議,請(qǐng)求, , solid/firm/stableHold/look, look forward to(期望), look out(當(dāng)心), look up(查詢,), look (拜訪某人) if /though+虛擬語氣, 過去完成時(shí)總結(jié) as if /though 常在描述行為的動(dòng)詞后面使用, 如act/look/feel/appear/smell/sound, 后面要用虛擬語氣He looks as if he were a skin feels as if it were song sounds as if it were a sad looked as if he had never lived in sooner…than, hardly…when, country/countryside, continuously, continually, No sooner…than 一…就… 與過去完成時(shí)連用I had no sooner e into the room than it began to bell had no sooner rung than the game sooner 放在句首, 主句的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)倒裝No sooner had I e into the room than it began to sooner had the bell rung than it began to …when 幾乎沒來得及…就… 與過去完成時(shí)連用He had hardly got the money when the policeman caught had hardly finished the last question when the exam …when放在句首, 主句的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)倒裝Hardly had he got the money when the policeman caught had I finished the last question when the exam , 口語中可以省略 : 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí), 一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí), 一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí), 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí), 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí), cancould, maymight, musthad to，thisthat, thesethose, nowthen, today, tonightt