【正文】 新一代的計算機(jī)已將網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口集成到主板上，網(wǎng)絡(luò)功能已嵌入到操作系統(tǒng)之中，智能大樓的興建已經(jīng)和計算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)布線同時、同地、同方案施工。21世紀(jì)已進(jìn)入計算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)時代。計算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)實現(xiàn)了資源共享。通信處理機(jī)、集中器和終端控制器等屬于轉(zhuǎn)接結(jié)點，它們在網(wǎng)絡(luò)中轉(zhuǎn)接和交換傳送信息。計算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)由一組結(jié)點和鏈絡(luò)組成。由于分組長度有限制，可以在中間節(jié)點機(jī)的內(nèi)存中進(jìn)行存儲處理，其轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)速度大大提高。分組交換方式也稱包交換方式，1969年首次在ARPANET上使用，現(xiàn)在人們都公認(rèn)ARPANET是分組交換網(wǎng)之父，并將分組交換網(wǎng)的出現(xiàn)作為計算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)新時代的開始。報文交換采用存儲轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)原理，這點有點像古代的郵政通信，郵件由途中的驛站逐個存儲轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)一樣。電路交換方式類似于傳統(tǒng)的電話交換方式，用戶在開始通信前，必須申請建立一條從發(fā)送端到接收端的物理信道，并且在雙方通信期間始終占用該通道。城域網(wǎng)介于LAN和WAN之間，其范圍通常覆蓋一個城市或地區(qū)，距離從幾十千米到上百千米。局域網(wǎng)的地理范圍一般在10千米以內(nèi)，屬于一個部門或一組群體組建的小范圍網(wǎng)，例如一個學(xué)校、一個單位或一個系統(tǒng)等。、網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)利用Microsoft Office Visio 2003畫拓?fù)鋱D： 總拓?fù)鋱D：核心網(wǎng)絡(luò)：教學(xué)子網(wǎng)：宿舍子網(wǎng)：啟秀校區(qū)子網(wǎng)：鐘秀校區(qū)子網(wǎng)：利用Cisco Packet Tracer仿真實現(xiàn)：具體配置命令如下： 核心網(wǎng)絡(luò)部分：l ISP: ISPsh run Building configuration...Current configuration : 678 bytes!version no service timestamps log datetime msec no service timestamps debug datetime msec no service passwordencryption!hostname ISP!interface FastEthernet0/0 no ip address duplex auto speed auto shutdown!interface FastEthernet1/0 no ip address duplex auto speed auto shutdown!interface Serial2/0 no ip address shutdown!interface Serial3/0 ip address clock rate 64000!interface FastEthernet4/0 no ip address shutdown!interface FastEthernet5/0 no ip address shutdown!ip classless ip route Serial3/0!line con 0 line vty 0 4 login!endl 邊界路由 BORDsh run Building configuration...Current configuration : 1644 bytes!version no service timestamps log datetime msec no service timestamps debug datetime msec no service passwordencryption!hostname BORD!interface FastEthernet0/0 ip address ip nat inside duplex auto speed auto!interface FastEthernet1/0 ip address ip nat inside duplex auto speed auto!interface Serial2/0 ip address ip nat inside clock rate 64000!interface Serial3/0 ip address ip nat outside!interface FastEthernet4/0 no ip address shutdown!interface FastEthernet5/0 no ip address shutdown!interface FastEthernet6/0 ip address ip nat inside duplex auto speed auto!interface FastEthernet7/0 no ip address duplex auto speed auto shutdown!interface FastEthernet8/0 no ip address duplex auto speed auto shutdown!interface FastEthernet9/0 no ip address duplex auto speed auto shutdown!router ospf 1 logadjacencychanges network area 0 network area 0 network area 0 network area 0 defaultinformation originate!ip nat pool pol10 netmask ip nat inside source list 10 interface Serial3/0 overload ip nat inside source static ip nat inside source static ip nat inside source static ip classless ip route Serial3/0！accesslist 10 permit !line con 0 line vty 0 4 login!endl 校外路由 COR1sh run Building configuration...Current configuration : 1191 bytes!version no service timestamps log datetime msec no service timestamps debug datetime msec no service passwordencryption!hostname COR1!interface FastEthernet0/0 ip address duplex auto speed auto!interface FastEthernet1/0 ip address duplex auto speed auto!interface Serial2/0 ip address !interface Serial3/0 no ip address shutdown!interface FastEthernet4/0 no ip address shutdown!interface FastEthernet5/0 no ip address shutdown!interface FastEthernet6/0 ip address duplex auto speed auto!interface FastEthernet7/0 ip address duplex auto speed auto!interface FastEthernet8/0 no ip address duplex auto speed auto shutdown!interface FastEthernet9/0 no ip address duplex auto speed auto shutdown!router ospf 1 logadjacencychanges network area 0 network area 0 network area 0 network area 0 network area 0!ip classless!line con 0 line vty 0 4 login!endl 新校區(qū)教學(xué)核心 TEACHCOREsh run Building configuration...Current configuration : 3623 bytes!version no service timestamps log datetime msec no service timestamps debug datetime msec no service passwordencryption!hostname TEACHCORE!ip routing!no ip domainlookup!interface FastEthernet0/1 no switchport no ip address ip nat outside duplex auto speed auto!interface FastEthernet0/2 no switchport ip address ip nat outside duplex auto speed auto!interface FastEthernet0/3 no switchport ip address ip helperaddress ip nat outside duplex auto speed auto!interface FastEthernet0/4 no switchport ip address ip helperaddress ip nat inside duplex auto speed auto!interface FastEthernet0/5 no switchport ip address ip helperaddress ip nat inside duplex auto speed auto!interface FastEthernet0/6 no switchport ip address ip helperaddress ip nat inside dupl