【正文】 。ve Been to the Mountaintop）。s Campaign），這項活動并沒有得到早期民權(quán)革新運(yùn)動者的支持。約翰遜（Lyndon Johnson）政府關(guān)系緊張。胡佛（ Hoover）則趁機(jī)加強(qiáng)了破壞金領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的全面努力。不僅金的努力效果受到黑人領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層狀況的干擾，而且他也遭受到來自國家行政領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人日漸增強(qiáng)的阻撓。同時，金還要面對“黑力”運(yùn)動（Black Power）發(fā)起人斯托克利馬爾科姆金的聲望隨著1963 年成為時代周刊（Time magazine）的人物和 1964 年獲得諾貝爾和平獎（Nobel Peace Prize）而持續(xù)上升。稍后，在 1963年8月28日，群眾示威行動在“華盛頓工作與自由游行”（March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom）的運(yùn)動過程中達(dá)到高潮，此次示威運(yùn)動中有超過二十五萬的抗議者聚集在華盛頓特區(qū)。徒手的黑人示威者與裝備著警犬和消防水槍的警察之間的沖突，作為報紙頭條新聞遍及世界各地。1963 年春天，金和南方基督教領(lǐng)袖會議領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在阿拉巴馬州的伯明翰（Birmingham）領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了群眾示威。1961年“自由乘車運(yùn)動（”Freedom Rides）中，金由于拒絕參加活動而受到批評，加劇了他同青年激進(jìn)分子的緊張關(guān)系。作為學(xué)生非暴力協(xié)調(diào)委員會的顧問，曾經(jīng)擔(dān)任過南方基督教領(lǐng)袖會議副主管的埃拉金支持學(xué)生運(yùn)動，并對創(chuàng)建南方基督教領(lǐng)袖會議的青年分部表現(xiàn)出興趣。那年年底，金辭去了德克斯特的職務(wù)并返回亞特蘭大，和他的父親共同成為一名埃比尼澤浸信會牧師。為了尋求蒙哥馬利勝利后的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展，金和其他的南部黑人領(lǐng)袖于 1957 年建立了南方基督教領(lǐng)袖會議（Southern Christian Leadership Conference, SCLC）。公共汽車抵制運(yùn)動在 1956 年持續(xù)一年，金因其領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位而名聲大噪。1955年12月5日，民權(quán)積極分子羅莎第二年，他在阿拉巴馬州（Alabama）蒙哥馬利（Montgomery）的德克斯特大街浸信會（Dexter Avenue Baptist Church）當(dāng)了一名牧師。1953年，金和柯瑞塔金的家族發(fā)源于非洲裔美國人的浸信會。路德路德丹尼爾金在亞特蘭大（Atlanta）出生。1929 年1月15日，馬丁路德施萊辛格（Arthur ，Jr.，19172007）以該人物事跡出版了同名人物傳記。1986年起美國政府將每年1月的第三個星期一定為馬丁路德金全國紀(jì)念日。路德1964諾貝爾和平獎獲得者。金晉見了肯尼迪總統(tǒng)，要求通過新的民權(quán)法，給黑人以平等的權(quán)利。1963年，馬丁s January 17, 2000, for the first time, Martin Luther King was officially observed in all fifty 。s Infamy Speech, as one of the finest speeches in the history of American On March 29, 1968, King went to Memphis, Tennessee in support of the black sanitary public works employees, represented by AFSCME Local 1733, who had been on strike since March 12 for higher wages and better one incident, black streetrepairmen received pay for two hours when they were sent home because of bad weather, but white employees were paid for the full Luther King, At the White House Rose Garden on November 2, 1983, President Ronald Reagan signed a bill creating a federal holiday to honor for the first time onJanuary 20, 1986, it is called Martin Luther King, President George 39。s “I Have a Dream” speech electrified the is regarded, along with Abraham Lincoln39。and selfgovernment for Washington, ., then governed by congressional tensions, the march was a resounding than a quarter million people of diverse ethnicities attended the event, sprawling from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial onto the National Mall and around the reflecting the time, it was the largest gathering of protesters in Washington39。protection of civil rights workers from police brutality。Malcolm X called it the “Farce on Washington,” and members of the Nation of Islam were not permitted to attend the march did, however, make specific demands: an end to racial segregation in public school。 concerns and grievances squarely before the seat of power in the nation39。and James , the Congress of Racial primary logistical and strategic organizer was King39。 Randolph, Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters。s house was was arrested during this campaign, which ended with a United States District Court ruling in Browder that ended racial segregation on all Montgomery public on Washington, 1963King, representing SCLC, was among the leaders of the socalled “Big Six” civil rights organizations who were instrumental in the organization of the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, which took place on August 28, other leaders andorganizations prising the Big Six were: Roy Wilkins from the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People。s open homosexuality, support of democratic socialism, and his former ties to the Communist Party USA caused many white and AfricanAmerican leaders to demand King distance himself from Bus Boycott, 1955In March 1955, a fifteenyearold school girl, Claudette Colv