【正文】 簡化摩擦離合器或制動器的動力學(xué)表達(dá)式中，各自以角速度ω 1。 設(shè)計(jì)者去查找關(guān)于圓角尺寸、熱處理、表面光潔度和是否要進(jìn)行噴丸處理等資料，那真正的唯一需要是實(shí)現(xiàn)所要求的 壽命和可靠性。這樣，它是一個檢驗(yàn)已經(jīng)設(shè)計(jì)好了的軸或者發(fā)現(xiàn)具體軸在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)中發(fā)生損壞原因的好方法。這就減低了彎矩，因而減小變形和彎曲應(yīng)力。但決不意味著設(shè)計(jì)者要保證：它們是安全的，軸幾乎 總是要進(jìn)行計(jì)算的，知道它們是處在可以接受的允許的極限以內(nèi)。 當(dāng)軸的彎曲或扭轉(zhuǎn)變形必須被限制于很小的范圍內(nèi)是，氣尺寸應(yīng)根據(jù)變形來確定，然后進(jìn)行應(yīng)力分析。心軸也是軸，既可以旋轉(zhuǎn)也可以靜止的軸，但不承受扭轉(zhuǎn)載荷。因?yàn)閱胃S可以承受靜壓力，變應(yīng)力和交變應(yīng)力，所有的應(yīng)力作用都是同時發(fā)生的。在軸上安裝像齒輪，皮帶輪，飛輪，曲柄，鏈輪和其他動力傳遞零件。 軸是一種轉(zhuǎn)動或靜止的桿件。這樣的齒輪機(jī)構(gòu)叫做準(zhǔn)雙曲面齒輪機(jī)構(gòu)，因?yàn)樗鼈兊慕缑媸请p曲回轉(zhuǎn)面。在這些 27 情況下，螺旋錐齒輪比直齒輪能產(chǎn)生平穩(wěn)的多的嚙合作用，因此碰到高速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的場合是很有用的。 直齒錐齒輪易于設(shè)計(jì)且制造簡單，如果他們安裝的精密而確定，在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)中會產(chǎn)生良好效果。這意味著軸的撓曲情況更加明顯而使在輪齒接觸上具有更大的影響。僅就滾齒而言就可達(dá)一級精度。雖然錐齒輪通常制造成能構(gòu)成 90 度軸交角，但它們也可產(chǎn)生任何角度的軸交角。蝸桿上的齒斜角度通常很大，而渦輪上的則極小，因此習(xí)慣常規(guī)定蝸桿的導(dǎo)角，那就是蝸桿齒斜角的余角：也規(guī)定了渦輪上的齒斜角，該兩 角之和就等于 90 度的軸線交角。這兩者之間的重要區(qū)別是，在雙包圍渦輪組成的輪齒間有面接觸，而在單包圍的渦輪組成的輪齒間 有線接觸。單包圍積垢就是渦輪包裹著蝸桿的一種機(jī)構(gòu)。然而蝸桿渦輪傳動機(jī)構(gòu) 中存在齒間有較大滑移速度的缺點(diǎn)，正像交錯軸斜齒輪那樣。蝸桿和渦輪通常是用于向垂直相交軸之間的傳動提供大的角速度減速比。小齒輪即蝸桿具有較小的齒數(shù)，通常是一到四齒，由于他們完全纏繞在節(jié)圓柱上，因此它們被稱為螺紋齒。然而當(dāng)該齒的斜角不相等時，如果兩個齒輪具有相同齒向的話，大斜角齒輪應(yīng)用作主動齒輪。一對相嚙合的交錯軸斜齒輪通常具有同樣的齒向， 即左旋主動齒輪跟右旋從動齒輪相嚙合。交錯軸斜齒輪與斜齒輪之間在倍安裝后互相嚙合之前是沒有任何區(qū)別的。交錯軸斜齒輪的齒彼此之間發(fā)生點(diǎn)接觸，它隨著齒輪的磨合而變成先接觸。當(dāng)兩個或者跟多個單向斜齒輪在同一軸上時，齒輪的齒向應(yīng)作選擇，以便產(chǎn)生 26 最小的軸向推力。雙斜齒輪（人字齒輪）是與反向 的并排地裝在同一軸上的兩個斜齒輪等效。斜齒輪使軸的軸承承受徑向和軸向力。在斜齒輪中，該線是跨過齒面的對角線。斜齒輪輪齒的初始接觸是一點(diǎn)，當(dāng)齒進(jìn)入更多的嚙合時，它就變成線。如果我展開這張紙，在斜角刃邊上的每一個點(diǎn)就發(fā)生一漸開線曲線。齒的形狀是一漸開線螺旋面。 斜齒輪用于傳遞平行軸之間的運(yùn)動。而在錐齒輪的情況中各回轉(zhuǎn)軸線互相不平行。我們將研究作用力具有三維坐標(biāo)的齒輪。所以我們對齒輪和軸的了解與認(rèn)識必須是多層次多方位的。齒輪和軸主要安裝在主軸箱來傳遞力的方向。 that is, a righthand driver goes with a righthand driven. In the design of crossedhelical gears, the minimum sliding velocity is obtained when the helix angle are equal. However, when the helix angle are not equal, the gear with the larger helix angle should be used as the driver if both gears have the same hand. Worm gears are similar to crossed helical gears. The pinion or worm has a small number of teeth, usually one to four, and since they pletely wrap around the pitch cylinder they are called threads. Its mating gear is called a worm gear, which is not a true helical gear. A worm and worm gear are used to provide a high angularvelocity reduction between nonintersecting shafts which are usually at right angle. The worm gear is not a helical gear because its face is made concave to fit the curvature of the worm in order to provide line contact instead of point contact. However, a disadvantage of worm gearing is the high sliding velocities across the teeth, the same as with crossed helical gears. Worm gearing are either single or double enveloping. A singleenveloping gearing is one in which the gear wraps around or partially encloses the worm. A gearing in which each element partially encloses the other is, of course, a doubleenveloping worm gearing. The important difference between the two is that area contact exists between the teeth of doubleenveloping gears while only line contact between those of singleenveloping gears. The worm and worm gear of a set have the same hand of helix as for crossed helical gears, but the helix angles are usually quite different. The helix angle on the worm is generally quite large, and that on the gear very small. Because of this, it is usual to specify the lead 22 angle on the worm, which is the plement of the worm helix angle, and the helix angle on the gear。 18 參考文獻(xiàn) [1]范欽珊等 .工程力 學(xué)［ M］ .北京 :高等教育出版社 ， . [2]侯旭明 .金屬力學(xué)性能［ M］ .北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社， 2021. [3]史美堂 .金屬材料及熱處理［ M］ .上海 :上?？茖W(xué)技術(shù)出版社， 2021. [4]楊可楨 .機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)［ M］ .北京 :高等教育出版社， . [5]陸鳳儀 .機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì) [M]. 北京 :高等教育出版社， . [6]孫寶鈞 .機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì) .[M].北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社， 1994. [7]成大先 .機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊（ 軸承 ） .[M].北京：化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社， [7]成大先 .機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手 冊（軸及其連接） .[M].北京：化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社， . [9]曲玉峰 .機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ) .北京：中國林業(yè)出版社：北京大學(xué)出版社， . [10]孫德志 .機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)課程設(shè)計(jì) .北京 :科學(xué)出版社， 2021. [11]高文龍，常燕賓 ［ M］ . 北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社， 2021. [12]陶珍東，鄭少華 ［ M］ .北京：化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社， 2021. 19 附錄 1 20 附錄 2 Transmission System introduced The important position of the wheel gear and shaft can’t falter in traditional machine and modern machines. The wheel gear and shafts mainly install the direction that delivers the dint at the principal axis box. The passing to process to make them can is divided into many model numbers, used for many situations respectively. so we must be the multilayers to the understanding of the wheel gear and shaft in many ways. In the force analysis of spur gears, the forces are assumed to act in a single plane. We shall study gears in which the forces have three dimensions. The reason for this, in the case of helical gears, is that the teeth are not parallel to the axis of rotation. And in the case of bevel gears, the rotational axes are not parallel to each other. There are also other reasons, as we shall learn. Helical gears are used to transmit motion between parallel shafts. The helix angle is the same on each gear, but one gear must have a righthand helix and the other a lefthand helix. The shape of the tooth is an involute helicoid. If a piece of paper cut in the shape of a parallelogram is wrapped around a cylinder, the angular edge of the paper bees a helix. If we unwind this paper, each point on the angular edge generates an involute curve. The surface obtained when every point on the edge generates an involute is called an involute helicoids. The initial contact of spurgear teeth is a line extending all the way across the face of the tooth. The initial contact of helical gear teeth is a point, which changes into a line as line as the teeth e into more engagement. In spur gears the line of contact is parallel to the axis of the rotation。通過本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 使我對自己所學(xué)的知識有了更深的理解，了解到了自己的不足，在以后的工作中我會 繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)，彌補(bǔ)自己的缺點(diǎn)。 通過設(shè)計(jì)所得出的 輥?zhàn)臃鬯闄C(jī) ，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊合理，滿足預(yù)期要求。 由設(shè)計(jì)所需 選擇 深溝球軸承 6213， 軸材料選擇 選 45 號鋼，調(diào)質(zhì) 處理，經(jīng)校核軸與軸承均滿足使用要求。 軸承座、軸承蓋、導(dǎo)軌的 具體尺寸見附錄 1。 進(jìn)料口上裝一個用薄鐵皮做成的進(jìn)料漏斗，進(jìn)料漏斗的斜面與蓋子上表面的夾角為 45度，垂直高度為 50mm，具體尺寸見附錄 1。 罩子 的設(shè)計(jì) 粉碎機(jī)的蓋子用薄鐵皮制成，長與機(jī)架相同， 寬在機(jī)架尺寸的基礎(chǔ)上兩邊各加 16 15mm，即寬為 384mm。根據(jù)粉碎機(jī)輥?zhàn)右约拜S的尺寸，初步確定機(jī)架的尺寸 機(jī)架長