【正文】 由於所獲得的值可能引起誤導(dǎo) ， 所以不應(yīng) 計(jì)算質(zhì)量指數(shù) 。 重點(diǎn)是應(yīng)了解非正 態(tài)分佈的原因 (如：過(guò)程經(jīng)過(guò)一定時(shí)間後是否穩(wěn)定 ?) 和如何處 理變差 。 如果該假設(shè)不成立 ， 使用這種分析可 能會(huì)導(dǎo)致不可靠的信息 。 確利達(dá)顧問(wèn)有限公司 PPAP PROCESS REQUIREMENTS Processes With OneSided Specifications or NonNormal Distributions The supplier shall determine with the customer an alternative acceptance criteria for processes with onesided specifications or nonnormal distributions. 確利達(dá)顧問(wèn)有限公司 PPAP 的過(guò)程要求 單側(cè)規(guī)範(fàn)或非正態(tài)分佈的過(guò)程 對(duì)於單側(cè)規(guī)範(fàn)或非正態(tài)分佈的過(guò)程 ， 供方必須與顧客一起確定替代的接受準(zhǔn)則 。 供方必須將存在的任何不穩(wěn)定過(guò)程通報(bào)顧客 ， 且 在任何提交之前 ， 必須向顧客提出糾正措施計(jì)劃 。 指數(shù)＞ .67 說(shuō)明 結(jié)果 確利達(dá)顧問(wèn)有限公司 PPAP PROCESS REQUIREMENTS Unstable Processes Depending on the nature of the instability, an unstable process may not meet customer requirements. The supplier shall identify, evaluate and, wherever possible, eliminate special causes of variation prior to PPAP submission. The supplier shall notify the customer of any unstable processes that exist and shall submit a corrective action plan to the customer prior to any submission. NOTE: For bulk materials, if historical data shows that similar processes are chronically unstable, and previous actions have been unable to achieve stability, corrective action plans may not be warranted. 確利達(dá)顧問(wèn)有限公司 PPAP 的過(guò)程要求 非穩(wěn)定過(guò)程 根據(jù)不穩(wěn)定的性質(zhì) ， 一個(gè)非穩(wěn)定過(guò)程可能不滿(mǎn)足顧客的要求 。 ≦ 指數(shù) ≦ 該過(guò)程目前能滿(mǎn)足顧客要求 。 與你的顧客取得聯(lián)系 ， 並評(píng)審研究結(jié)果 。 與適當(dāng)?shù)念櫩痛砣〉寐?lián)系 ， 對(duì)研究結(jié)果進(jìn)行評(píng)審 。 確利達(dá)顧問(wèn)有限公司 Acceptance Criteria For Initial Study The supplier shall use the following as acceptance criteria for evaluating initial process study results for processes that appear stable: NOTE: Cpk can only be used for stable processes. The process does not currently meet the acceptance criteria. Contact the appropriate customer representative for a review of the study results. Index Value＜ is currently acceptable, but may require some improvement. Contact your customer and review results of the study. This will require changes to the Control Plan, if not improved prior to start of volume production. ≧ (Index Value) currently meets customer requirements. After approval, begin production and follow control plan. ＞ 67 Interpretation Results PPAP PROCESS REQUIREMENTS 確利達(dá)顧問(wèn)有限公司 PPAP 的過(guò)程要求 初始研究的接受準(zhǔn)則 對(duì)於穩(wěn)定過(guò)程 ， 供方在評(píng)價(jià)初始過(guò)程研究結(jié)果時(shí) ， 必須採(cǎi)用以下的接受準(zhǔn)則： 注： Cpk 只能用於穩(wěn)定過(guò)程 。 確利達(dá)顧問(wèn)有限公司 PPAP PROCESS REQUIREMENTS Refer to the Statistical Process Control reference manual for information on evaluating stability and a detailed description of Ppk and Cpk. NOTE2: For bulk material, the supplier should obtain customer agreement regarding the appropriate techniques for initial process studies, if required, in order to determine an effective estimate of capability. 確利達(dá)顧問(wèn)有限公司 PPAP 的過(guò)程要求 關(guān)於過(guò)程穩(wěn)定性的評(píng)價(jià)以及對(duì) Ppk 和 Cpk 的解釋 ， 可參見(jiàn) 統(tǒng)計(jì)過(guò)程控制 參考手冊(cè) 。 對(duì)於輸出滿(mǎn)足規(guī)範(fàn)要求且呈可預(yù)測(cè)的波形的長(zhǎng)期不穩(wěn)定過(guò)程 ， 應(yīng)使用 Ppk。 初始過(guò)程研究的目的是了解過(guò)程變差 ， 而不是達(dá)到一個(gè)規(guī)定的指數(shù)值 。 根據(jù)總變差估計(jì) σ值 (所 有單個(gè)樣本數(shù)據(jù)使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏 差 [均方根等式 ]， “s”)。 σ的估計(jì)值是依據(jù)子組內(nèi)的變差確 定的 (R/d2 或 S/C4)。 參見(jiàn)統(tǒng)計(jì)過(guò)程控制參考手冊(cè)第二章第 5 部分 D：建議採(cǎi) 用的過(guò)程措施 。 該研究基於下列假設(shè) ， 即試圖應(yīng) 用下列原理的任何人都已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)統(tǒng)計(jì)過(guò)程控制參考手冊(cè)中關(guān) 於過(guò)程能力的內(nèi)容 ， 且理解從均值極差圖這一角度關(guān)於穩(wěn)定性 的原理 。 確利達(dá)顧問(wèn)有限公司 PPAP PROCESS REQUIREMENTS Quality indices Initial process studies should be summarized with capability or performance indices, if applicable. NOTE1: The initial process study results are dependent on the purpose of the study, data normality (assumption is normality and two sided specifications), method of data acquisition, sampling, amount of data, demonstration of statistical control, etc. it is assumed that anyone trying to apply the principles listed below has reviewed the capability section in the Statistical Process Control reference manual and understands basic principles of stability from an average and range chart perspective. For guidance on items listed below, contact the customer responsible part approval activity. See Statistical Process Control reference manual, Chapter 2, section 5, D: Suggested Use of Process Measures. 確利達(dá)顧問(wèn)有限公司 PPAP 的過(guò)程要求 質(zhì)量指數(shù) 如果適用 ， 應(yīng)使用能力或性能指數(shù)對(duì)初始過(guò)程研究進(jìn)行總結(jié) 。 取得顧客同意時(shí)， 可以使用來(lái)自相同的或類(lèi)似過(guò)程的長(zhǎng)期結(jié)果代替初始數(shù)據(jù)要求。 盡管這些是短期的研究， 但是利用控制圖來(lái)收集和分析數(shù)據(jù)的規(guī)律性仍是十分重要的 。 對(duì)於特定的過(guò)程或產(chǎn)品 ， 若經(jīng)顧客 事前批準(zhǔn) ， 也可採(cǎi)用其他更適用的替代方法 。 注 2： 估計(jì)過(guò)程能力或性能的指數(shù)將由顧客和供方取得一致同意 。 裝配錯(cuò)誤 、 試驗(yàn)失敗 、 表面的缺陷是 “計(jì)數(shù) ” 的例子 ， 了解 這部分內(nèi)容也很重要 ， 但不包括在本手冊(cè)的初始研究中 。 (見(jiàn) 測(cè)量系統(tǒng)分析 參考手冊(cè) ) 確利達(dá)顧問(wèn)有限公司 PPAP PROCESS REQUIREMENTS NOTE1: The purpose of this requirement is to determine if the production process is likely to produce product that will meet the customer’s requirements. The initial process study is focused on variables not attributes date. Assembly errors, test failures, surface defects are examples of “count” time date, which is important to understand, but is not covered in this initial study. To understand the performance of characteristics monitored by attribute data will require more data collected over time. NOTE2: The index for estimating process capability or performance will be agreed upon by the customer and supplier. Cpk and Ppk are described below. Other methods more appropriate for certain processes or products may be substituted with prior customer approval. 確利達(dá)顧問(wèn)有限公司 PPAP 的過(guò)程要求 注 1： 本要求的目的是為了確定生產(chǎn)過(guò)程是否有可能生產(chǎn)出能滿(mǎn)足顧客要求的產(chǎn)品 。 確利達(dá)顧問(wèn)有限公司 PPAP PROCESS REQUIREMENTS Initial Process Studies General The level of initial process capability or performance shall be determined to be acceptable prior t