【正文】 2023年 3月 29日星期三 10時 47分 38秒 22:47:3829 March 2023 ? 1一個人即使已登上頂峰，也仍要自強不息。 2023年 3月 29日星期三 下午 10時 47分 38秒 22:47: ? 1最具挑戰(zhàn)性的挑戰(zhàn)莫過于提升自我。勝人者有力，自勝者強。 :47:3822:47Mar2329Mar23 ? 1越是無能的人，越喜歡挑剔別人的錯兒。 , March 29, 2023 ? 閱讀一切好書如同和過去最杰出的人談話。 2023年 3月 29日星期三 10時 47分 38秒 22:47:3829 March 2023 ? 1空山新雨后，天氣晚來秋。 。 :47:3822:47:38March 29, 2023 ? 1意志堅強的人能把世界放在手中像泥塊一樣任意揉捏。 :47:3822:47Mar2329Mar23 ? 1世間成事，不求其絕對圓滿，留一份不足，可得無限完美。 , March 29, 2023 ? 很多事情努力了未必有結果，但是不努力卻什么改變也沒有。 2023年 3月 29日星期三 10時 47分 38秒 22:47:3829 March 2023 ? 1做前，能夠環(huán)視四周；做時，你只能或者最好沿著以腳為起點的射線向前。 。 :47:3822:47:38March 29, 2023 ? 1他鄉(xiāng)生白發(fā)，舊國見青山。 :47:3822:47Mar2329Mar23 ? 1故人江海別，幾度隔山川。 , March 29, 2023 ? 雨中黃葉樹，燈下白頭人。 176。 Note: Time is a Factor Only if Temperature Changes Significantly 6? Overview Step 9.....Establish Tolerances on “Vital Few” (Xs) How do we Ensure Oven Temperature is Controlled? ? Data Suggests 350 ( 5 ) is best Temperature to Reduce Taste Variation ? Brand A Flour to be Used Except in Case of Emergency ? “BETTER BREAD” to Search for Better Alternative Supplier of Flour Just in Case 176。 176。 Z T Target 0 A 3? Process The Definitions of Yield Final Test Process (Process 4) Pass Process 3 Process 1 Process 2 100 (Units Tested) 65 70 82 91 Yield 1 Yield 2 Yield 3 Loss 1 Loss 3 Rejects Loss 2 9 9 12 5 ? First Time Yield (Yft) = Units Passed Units Tested = 65 70 = ? Rolled Thruput Yield (Yrt) = (Yield 1) (Yield 2) (Yield 3) . . . . = 91 82 65 70 ( ( ( ( ) ) ) ) = 100 91 70 82 ? Normalized Yield (Ynm) = = 1/n (Yrt) () 1/4 = ( n: Total Number of Processes ) 6? Overview Yield Exclusive of Rework Probability of Zero Defects Average Yield of All Processes 6? Overview The Impact of Complexity Rolled Yield Number of Operations .4 .1 1 10 100 1,000 10,000 1,000,000 Process Mean Centered on Each Operation 1 10 100 1,000 10,000 1,000,000 Rolled Yield Number of Operations .5 As the Number of Operations Increases, a High Rolled Yield Requires a High ??for Each Operation 5?? 4?? 3?? 6?? 6?? 5?? 4?? 3??Process Mean Shifted ??at Each Operation 6? Overview Baselining Benchmarking an Existing Process p (x) Defects Benchmark Baseline Entitlement ? Benchmark.....A WorldClass Performance ? Entitlement.....Achievable Performance Given the Investments Already Made ? Baseline.....The Current Level of Performance Baselining = Current Process / Benchmarking = Ultimate Goal Some Basic 6?Related Tools 6? Overview Scatter Diagram Over Slept Car Would Not Start Weather Family Problems Other Pareto Diagram Frequency of Occurence Reasons for Being Late for Work Arrival Time at Work Time Alarm Went Off Materials People The Histogram Control Charts 6? Overview Some Basic 6?Related Tools The Fishbone Diagram Measurements Methods Technology Statement Cause Effect Being Late for Work Plot of Daily Arrival Time 9:15 7:00 7:15 7:30 7:45 8:00 8:15 8:30 8:45 9:00 Average Value Number of People Arriving at CRD Time 6? Overview LCL UCL Range Chart R Out of Control Condition LCL X UCL X Bar Chart Some Basic 6?Related Tools LCL = Lower Control Limit UCL = Upper Control Limit X = Mean R = Average Range Monitors Changes in Average or Variation Over Time Design of Experiments 6? Overview SCREENING OPTIMIZATION CHARACTERIZATION ? For Experiments Involving a Large Number of Factors ? Useful in Isolating the “Vital Few “ from the “Trivial Many” ? For Experiments Involving a Relatively Small Number of Factors ? Useful When Studying Relatively Unplicated Effects Interactions ? For Experiments Involving Only 2 or 3 Factors ? Useful When Studying Highly Complicated Effects Relationships DOE is More Effective Than Testing One Factor at a Time 6? Overview Using the “One Factor at a Time” Approach Reduce Commute to Work to 15 Minutes (without working an abnormal work schedule) The Goal The Variables Time of Departure from Home Route Taken to Work The Approach Try 3 Potential Routes at Current Departure Time (7:45), Select the Best Vary the Departure Time ?til we get to 15 Minutes Time of Departure 3 2 1 7:15 7:30 7:45 8:00 8:15 Route Combination Selected The Result Use Route 2 and Leave at 7:15 to Reach Goal 6? Overview Using “Design of Experiments” (DOE) Time of Departure DOE (i) Better Accounts for Interactive Variables Missed by “One Factor at a Time”, and (ii) Efficiently Searches for “Sweet Spot” in Parameter Space The Variables Time of Departure from Home Route Taken to Work The Approach Vary time of Departure and Route Simultaneously, in a Systematic Fashion The Result A Better Combination Allowing 15 More Minutes of Sleep!!! Actual Commuting Time Averages (minutes) 3 2 1 7:15 7:30 7:45 8:00 8:15 Route 17 20 23 21 19 15 18 20 19 16 12 15 21 20 18 Original