chap004國際經(jīng)營4(參考版)
2025-02-28 12:28本頁面
【正文】 ve Immoralist if a manager of a multinational sees that firms from other nations are not following ethical norms in a host nation, that manager should not either ?actions are ethically justified if everyone else is doing the same thing 423 Utilitarian and Kantian Ethics ?Utilitarian approaches to ethics hold that the moral worth of actions or practices is determined by their consequences ?actions have multiple consequences, some good, some not ?actions are desirable if they leads to the best possible balance of good consequences over bad consequences ?Problems with this approach ?measuring the benefits, costs, and risks of a course of action ?the philosophy fails to consider justice 424 Utilitarian and Kantian Ethics ?Kantian ethics based on the philosophy of Immanuel Kant who argued that people should be treated as ends and never purely as means to the ends of others ?people have dignity and need to be respected, they are not machines 425 Rights Theories ?Rights theories human beings have fundamental rights and privileges that transcend national boundaries and culture ?fundamental human rights form the basis for the moral pass that managers should navigate by when making decisions that have an ethical ponent ?The idea that some fundamental rights transcend national borders and cultures was the underlying motivation for the UN’s Universal Declaration of Human Rights (specifies the basic principles that should always be adhered to irrespective of the culture in which one is doing business) 426 Justice Theories ?Justice theories focus on the attainment of a just distribution (one that is considered fair and equitable) of economic goods and services ?John Rawls all economic goods and services should be distributed equally except when an unequal distribution would work to everyone’s advantage ?Impartiality is guaranteed by the veil of ignorance (everyone is imagined to be ignorant of all his or her particular characteristics) 427 Justice Theories Question: What system would people design under a veil of ignorance? Answer: ?A system where people would agree that each person is permitted the maximum amount of basic liberty patible with a similar liberty for others ?Once equal basic liberty is assured, inequality in basic goods social goods are to be allowed only if they benefit everyone ?the difference principle suggests that inequalities are justified if they benefit the position of the least advantaged person 428 Implications for Managers Question: How can managers ensure that ethical issues are considered in business decisions? Answer: Managers should ? favor hiring and promoting people with a well grounded sense of personal ethics ? build an anizational culture that places a high value on ethical behav
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