【正文】 2023, Oracle. All rights reserved. Monitoring RMAN Backups ? Correlate server sessions with channels by using the SET COMMAND ID mand. ? Query V$PROCESS and V$SESSION to determine which sessions correspond to which RMAN channels. ? Query V$SESSION_LONGOPS to monitor the progress of backups and copies. ? Use an operating system utility to monitor the process or threads. 69 Copyright 169。 2023, Oracle. All rights reserved. Managing Backups with EM Navigation aid: Database home page Maintenance Manage Current Backups 66 Copyright 169。 RMAN DELETE OBSOLETE REDUNDANCY 2。 RMAN REPORT OBSOLETE。 64 Copyright 169。 RMAN REPORT NEED BACKUP redundancy 2。 2023, Oracle. All rights reserved. REPORT NEED BACKUP: Examples ? Files that need more than three incremental backups for recovery: ? Files that have not been backed up for three days: ? Backup needed if there are not two or more backups already: ? Backup needed to recover to three days ago: RMAN REPORT NEED BACKUP days 3。 2023, Oracle. All rights reserved. REPORT Command ? Produces a detailed analysis of the repository ? Produces reports to answer: – What are the data files in the database? – Which files need a backup? – Which backups can be deleted? – Which files are unrecoverable? Commands BACKUP Block . Inc. Update LIST REPORT DELETE 62 Copyright 169。SYSDATE739。 RMAN LIST COPY OF TABLESPACE SYSTEM。 2023, Oracle. All rights reserved. LIST Command ? List backup sets and copies of data files: ? List backup sets and copies of any data file for a specified tablespace: ? List backup sets and copies containing archive logs for a specified range: RMAN LIST BACKUP OF DATAFILE 2 /db01/ORADATA/u03/。incr_upd_df139。file_name39。 59 Copyright 169。/mydir/39。 2023, Oracle. All rights reserved. Block Change Tracking The backup process can be streamlined by enabling block change tracking, which: ? Records changed blocks in a change tracking file ? Is used automatically by RMAN, if enabled ? Optimizes incremental backups by avoiding full data file scans during backup List of changed blocks Redo generation Redo log 1011001010110 0001110100101 1010101110011 Change tracking file SGA CTWR Commands BACKUP Block . Inc. Update LIST REPORT DELETE 58 Copyright 169。 2023, Oracle. All rights reserved. RMAN Backup Types ? A full backup contains all used data file blocks. ? A level 0 incremental backup is equivalent to a full backup that has been marked as level 0. ? A cumulative level 1 incremental backup contains only blocks modified since the last level 0 incremental backup. ? A differential level 1 incremental backup contains only blocks modified since the last incremental backup. Differential incremental backup Cumulative incremental backup Full, or level 0 incremental backup 56 Copyright 169。 2023, Oracle. All rights reserved. Whole Database Backup RMAN BACKUP DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG。 3 ARCHIVELOG FROM SEQUENCE=234 4 DELETE INPUT。 2023, Oracle. All rights reserved. Backing Up Archived Redo Logs ? Online redo log file switch is automatic. ? Archived log failover is performed. ? You can specify a range of archived redo logs to back up. ? Backup sets of archived redo log files cannot contain any other type of file. RMAN BACKUP 2 FORMAT 39。 2023, Oracle. All rights reserved. Tags for Backups and Image Copies A tag is a logical name assigned to a backup set or image copy. month_full_backup week_full_backup Data file 3 Data file 4 Backup set Data files 1,3 Data files 2,4 Backup set 49 Copyright 169。39。39。/BACKUP/39。/ORADATA/39。 Compressed backup files Database files 46 Copyright 169。 2023, O