【正文】 the essential difference between oceanic and continental crust。GWDTN9: VerbalQ1: GWD1128In an effort to reduce the number of fires started by cigarettes, a major tobacco pany is testmarketing a cigarette in which thin layers of extra paper are used to decrease the amount of oxygen entering the cigarette, thereby slowing the rate at which it burns and lowering the heat it generates.A. in which thin layers of extra paper are used to decrease the amount of oxygen entering the cigarette, thereby slowingB. in which they use thin layers of extra paper in decreasing the amount of oxygen entering the cigarette, which slowsC. that uses thin layers of extra paper to decrease the amount of oxygen when it enters the cigarette, thereby slowingD. for which thin layers of extra paper are used to decrease the amount of oxygen that enters the cigarette, and thereby slowingE. using thin layers of extra paper in decreasing the amount of oxygen entering the cigarette, which slowsGWD12Q2:Scientists are discussing ways to remove excess carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by increasing the amount that is absorbed by plant life. One plan to acplish this is to establish giant floating seaweed farms in the oceans. When the seaweed plants die, they will be disposed of by being burned for fuel.Which of the following, if true, would indicate the most serious weakness in the plan above?A. Some areas of ocean in the Southern Hemisphere do not contain sufficient nutrients to support large seaweed farms.B. When a seaweed plant is burned, it releases an amount of carbon dioxide parable to the amount it has absorbed in its lifetime.C. Even if seaweed farms prove effective, some people will be reluctant to switch to this new fuel.D. Each year about seven billion tons of carbon dioxide are released into the atmosphere but only about five billion tons are absorbed by plant life.E. Seaweed farms would make more money by farming seaweed to sell as nutritional supplements than by farming seaweed to sell as fuel.GWD12Q3:Were it not for the fusionpowered heat and radiation that rush from its core, instead its own weight would cause a star to collapse.A. instead its own weight would cause a star to collapseB. instead a star would have collapsed under its own weightC. a star would have to be collapsing under its own weightD. a star would collapse under its own weightE. its own weight would have caused a star’s collapse20GWD12Q4 to Q7: The term “episodic memory” was introduced by Tulving to refer to what he considered a uniquely human capacity—the ability to recollect specific past events, to travel back into the past in one’s own mind—as distinct from the capacity simply to use information acquired through past experiences. Subsequently, Clayton et al. developed criteria to test for episodic memory in animals. According to these criteria, episodic memories are not of individual bits of information。 they involve multiple ponents of a single event “bound” together. Clayton sought to examine evidence of scrub jays’ accurate memory of “what,” “where,” and “when” information and their binding of this information. In the wild, these birds store food for retrieval later during periods of food scarcity. Clayton’s experiment required jays to remember the type, location, and freshness of stored food based on a unique learning event. Crickets were stored in one location and peanuts in another. Jays prefer crickets, but crickets degrade more quickly. Clayton’s birds switched their preference from crickets to peanuts once the food had been stored for a certain length of time, showing that they retain information about the what, the where, and the when. Such experiments cannot, however, reveal whether the birds were reexperiencing the past when retrieving the information. Clayton acknowledged this by using the term “episodiclike” memory.Q4: The primary purpose of the passage is toA. explain how the findings of a particular experiment have been interpreted and offer an alternative interpretationB. describe a particular experiment and point out one of its limitationsC. present similarities between human memory and animal memoryD. point out a flaw in the argument that a certain capacity is uniquely humanE. account for the unexpected behavior of animal subjects in a particular experimentQ5:According to the passage, Clayton’s experiment depended on the fact that scrub jays A. recall “when” and “where” information more distinctly than “what” informationB. are not able to retain information about a single past event for an indefinitely long period of timeC. choose peanuts over crickets when the crickets have been stored for a long period of timeD. choose crickets over peanuts whenever both are availableE. prefer peanuts that have been stored for a short period to crickets that have been stored for a short periodQ6: The passage suggests that Clayton’s experiment demonstrated scrub jays’ ability to A. choose different storage places for different kinds of food to minimize the rate at which a food will degradeB. unlearn a behavior they use in the wild in order to adapt to laboratory conditionsC. bind together information about different as