【正文】 s ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the code closely linked to the selfdiscipline, insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the vital few, emphasized selfdiscipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a negative list, emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres pr。 third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to the criterion of a clean and honest administration and rule the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party passes party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2020 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, 23 respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party mittee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state ans Department The first party mittee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party anizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2020, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and missions, state ministries and missions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people anization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the 24 wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, code and Regulations revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party39。 the fourth is to clean the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of countylevel leading cadres above. rule is in 1997 Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) based on revision, in December 2020 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the prehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition。 the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements。s 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party39。 follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party39。 the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems。 rule around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party anizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line . Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process。 （ 7）應(yīng)用層：確定進(jìn)程之間通信的性質(zhì)，以滿足用戶的需要。 （ 6）表示層：處理在兩個(gè)通信系統(tǒng)中交換信息的表示方式。它向高層屏蔽了下層數(shù)據(jù)通信的細(xì)節(jié)，因而是計(jì)算機(jī)通信體系結(jié)構(gòu)中最關(guān)鍵的一層。 （ 3）網(wǎng)絡(luò)層：通過路由算法，為分組通過通信子網(wǎng)選擇最適當(dāng)?shù)穆窂健Ｓ上轮辽弦来螢椋? （ 1）物理層：利用物理傳輸介質(zhì)為數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層提供物 理連接，以便透明地傳送比特流。幾乎所有的操作系統(tǒng)都提供了用戶管理功能，用戶管理功能所提供的用戶訪問控制機(jī)制有效地管理和控制了用戶對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 18 的訪問。 （ 3）提供網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源管理、系統(tǒng)管理功能，如文件系統(tǒng)管理、網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)進(jìn)程的建立和管理、網(wǎng)絡(luò)活動(dòng)的監(jiān)控和網(wǎng)絡(luò)測(cè)試工具等。 （ 1）提供高效可靠的網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信能力，如對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議、網(wǎng)絡(luò)硬件的支持。 為實(shí)現(xiàn)有效的資源共享，首先要提供網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信功能或協(xié)議的支持，另外還要提供資源共享的途徑及解決多個(gè)用戶對(duì)資源需求沖突的能力。既可依賴于 TCP 協(xié)議，也可依賴于 UDP 協(xié)議： 域名服務(wù) DNS 等。協(xié)議主要有： 依賴于面向連接的 TCP 協(xié)議：網(wǎng)絡(luò)終端協(xié)議 TELNET、電子郵件協(xié)議 SMTP、文件傳送協(xié)議 FTP。 用戶數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)協(xié)議 UDP 一種不可靠的無連接協(xié)議，主要用于不要求分組順序到達(dá)的傳輸中，分組傳輸順序檢查與排序由應(yīng)用層完成。 （ 3）傳輸層：提供端－端的數(shù)據(jù)傳送服務(wù)。由下至上依次為： （ 1）網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口層：通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)送和接受 IP 數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)， TCP/IP 并沒有定義網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口層協(xié)議，允許主機(jī)連入網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)使用多種現(xiàn)成的協(xié)議（如局域網(wǎng)協(xié)議），以適應(yīng)各種網(wǎng)絡(luò)類型。 （ 3）編碼 編碼是用相應(yīng)位數(shù)的二進(jìn)制代碼表示量化后的采樣樣本的量級(jí)。 （ 2）量化 量化是將取樣樣本幅度按量化級(jí)決定取值的過程。 答： PCM 即脈沖編碼調(diào)制，包括三個(gè)過程：采樣、量化和編碼。 （ 2）緩沖