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65 練習: machine did not stop because the fuel had run out. substances are not good conductors of electricity. cannot be too much emphasized that agriculture is the foundation of the national economy. ancient people who lived simple lives of hunting and fishing did no harm at all to the environment. is no material but will deform more or less under the action of force. 。 Never start to do the experiment before you have checked. 沒有 檢查好儀表,切勿開始做試驗。 The problem is beyond the reach of my understanding 這個問題我 無法 理解 。 64 It was beneath me to beg. 不值得 我去乞求。 常見的有: beyond(超出 ),above (超出 … 之外 ), beside (同 … 無關 ), beneath(不值得 ),instead of (而不是 )等。 63 The study confirmed that few people are likely to escape the effects of nuclear exchange. 研究證實 幾乎無人 能逃脫互投核彈造成的惡果。 And in true chickenortheegg fashion, the lack of courseware deters the purchase of puters by schools. 這真是一個先有雞還是先有蛋的問題, 沒有 教學軟件,學校就不敢購買計算機。 62 常見的有: neglect忽視 ,absence缺乏 ,loss失去等 。 If the follower loses contact with the cam, it will fail to work. 假如從動件和凸輪脫離接觸,就 不能 起作用。漢譯時,一般要把否定的意義明確譯出。 61 六、含蓄否定 英語里有些詞或詞組形式上是肯定的,但意義往往是否定的。 The oute of the experiment was not half bad. 試驗的結果 相當好 。把 not nearly,not half譯為“根本不 (沒有 )”, cannot possibly譯為“根本不會”、“無論如何不會”等。 60 四、強調(diào)否定 英語中有許多加強否定語氣的手段和形式,如用否定詞 never, no, not, none之后加 at all, whatever, nearly, possible等,這類詞組里的副詞 nearly等不再作“將近”,“幾乎”等義,而是用來強調(diào)。 We cannot be too careful in doing experiments. 做實驗越仔細越好。常見的有“ nothing……like”( 沒有什么比得上 ),“ cannot…too”(…… 總不過分;越 …… 越好 )等。部分否定則主要由 all,every,both,always等含全體意義的詞與否定詞構成。 英語的否定有全部否定與部分否定之分。 58 二、部分否定的譯法 Both of the substances do dissolve in water. 不是兩種物質(zhì)都溶于水。 The object did not move because I pushed on it. 不是 因為我推了它,該物體才移動。有些英語否定句形式上是一般否定 (否定謂語 ),實際卻是特指否定 (否定其他成分 );相反,有些形式上是特批否定意義上卻是一般否定。 英語否定的表達形式很多,下面僅就漢譯時較常出現(xiàn)理解和表達錯誤的幾種形式進行說明。 We cannot emphasize too much the importance of the process. [誤]我們不能過分強調(diào)這種方法的重要性。 56 例如: The mountain is not valuable because it is high. [誤]山因其高而無價值。有的英語句子形式上是肯定的而實質(zhì)上是否定的,有的則形式上是否定的而實質(zhì)上是肯定的;英語否定詞否定的范圍和重點有時難于判斷;某些否定詞和詞組的習慣用法較難掌握。科技英語里否定形式的應用也很廣。常見的表達法及其譯法。 Scientists are trying to imitate some of the capabilities of the human brain, which will be able to lead to the construction of an entirely new electronic puter. 科學家正試圖模仿人腦的某些能力,這將能夠?qū)е陆ㄔ煲环N完全新式的電子計算機。英譯漢時,一般采用分譯法, which通常譯成 “ 這 ” ,有時也可譯成 “ 從而 ” , “ 因而 ” 等。這種定語從句只能由 which和 as引導。 51 Those machine parts the surfaces of which are pitted, must be changed. 如果機器零件表面起了麻點,就必須更換。 There was something original about the plan that pleased all of them. 這個方案富于創(chuàng)造性,因此他們都很喜歡 50 Thomas Edison, who had failed again and again in his experiment,did not lose heart. 盡管實驗一再失敗,托馬斯 .愛迪生并沒有失去信心。 例 :Copper, which is used so widely for carrying electricity, offers very little resistance. 銅的電阻很小,所以廣泛地用來傳輸電力。 一、帶有狀語意義的定語從句的譯法 例: You must grasp that concept of “work” which is very important in physics. 你必須掌握“功”的概念,因為它在物理學中很重要。 46 練習: plays an important role in the society in which we live. the room where the electronic puter is kept, there must be no dust at all. floating object displaces an amount of water whose weight equals that of the object. are some chemical fuels that are clean and smokeless. ,who dive down in the sea, know that the sea can be very cold. 47 定語從句的譯法 (二 ) 在英語中,有些從句從語法結構上看是定語從句,但跟主句在邏輯上卻有狀語關系,說明原因、結果、目的、時間、條件或讓步等。 例: 1. There are some metals which possess the power to conduct electricity and the ability to be magized. 某些金屬既能導電又能被磁化。定語從句與先行詞關系密切時,往往可以將主句與定語從句合并譯成一個簡單句,使定語從句在漢譯后成為單句中的謂語等句子成分。 worked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased. 他們研制了一種新方法,這種新方法使生產(chǎn)大大提高。此外十分冗長的意義上的定語從