【正文】 真實(shí)反映活塞變形情況非常重要，國內(nèi)已廣泛采用有限元法進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。它標(biāo)志著我國在發(fā)展運(yùn)載工具和電子技術(shù)方面進(jìn)入了一個(gè)新階段。 2. 中國已成功發(fā)射了第一顆試驗(yàn)衛(wèi)星。而且，漢語句子重心后置式的特點(diǎn)在例 6) 中得到了最好的體現(xiàn)，英語原文中的重心 Aluminum remained unknown 出現(xiàn)在 句子開頭，而在譯文中，它被放在句子末尾，句式更加連貫、銜接和地道。為了符合漢語行文的習(xí)慣，譯文作了兩個(gè)方面的調(diào)整。例 5) 中有時(shí)間狀語從句、定語從句。 解析： 例 5) 和例 6) 都是典型的英語長句和復(fù)雜句。因此，在自然界任何地方都找不到處于游離狀態(tài)的鋁。那時(shí)候，我們將無法立足于地面，全都漂浮在半空中，哪怕是被輕輕一碰，我們都會朝著相反的方向飄移。 3. 在句法上，科技英語使用大量的長句和復(fù)雜句，修飾、限定及附加成分多；注重銜接和連貫，注重邏輯的嚴(yán)密，以達(dá)到句子連貫、行文流暢的目的。而科技漢語最明顯的特點(diǎn)是多用無主句，語言平實(shí)，多采用客觀性描述方法，因此例 3) 的譯文采用了直譯的翻譯方法，翻譯出了原文的內(nèi)容，語言平實(shí)、客觀。為了表達(dá)客觀、內(nèi)容確切，兩個(gè)句子都用了一些名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)的詞匯，如例 3) 的 source of worry, disposal，例 4) 的balance, storage, utilization。 4) The blood sugar level represents a balance between the amount of carbohydrate ingested or formed from protein and lipid, on the other hand, and the storage or utilization of carbohydrate, on the other. 譯文： 攝入的或由蛋白質(zhì)及脂肪轉(zhuǎn)化來的糖類與體內(nèi)糖類貯存或利用這兩者之間的數(shù)量平衡，便是血糖水平的標(biāo)志。第一、二人稱使用過多，會造成主觀臆斷的印象，因此盡量使用第三人稱敘述，采用被動語態(tài)。 2. 從語法方面看，名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)（ nominalization）、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和被動語態(tài)用得較多；使用名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)是因?yàn)榭萍嘉捏w要求行文簡潔、表達(dá)客觀、內(nèi)容確切、信息量大，強(qiáng)調(diào)已存在的事實(shí)，而非某一行為。在目標(biāo)語中，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀事實(shí)，原文的被動句譯成了漢語的無主句，符合漢語的句式特點(diǎn)。 沃森于 1953年在劍橋的卡文迪許實(shí)驗(yàn)室里發(fā)現(xiàn)的。 2) DNA has a double helix structure, which was discovered by Francis Crick and James Watson in the Cavendish lab at Cambridge in 1953. 譯文： DNA（脫氧核糖核酸）的雙螺旋結(jié)構(gòu)是由弗朗西斯 它在詞法、語法、句法和修辭角度上都體現(xiàn)出自己的特點(diǎn) : 科技英語的翻譯 ，科技英語強(qiáng)調(diào)語言的簡練和專業(yè)性，大量使用復(fù)合詞、縮略語和屬于某一專業(yè)領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)化詞匯。 I’ ll wait till the campaign gets under way properly. Reading More – Language Point 7. And with the tiller in my hand, I’ll feel again the wind imparting life to a boat, will smell again the old menace, the one that imparts life to me: (Para. 6) ?impart: ~sth (to sb) to pass information, knowlege, etc. to other people to impart facts/news/skills 披露事實(shí)，消息，傳授技藝 She had information that she couldn39。 Reading More – Language Point 4. It jiggles me up, the wind does, and what I really love are windless days, when all is peace. (Para. 3) ? jiggle: to move or make something move from side to side with short quick movements . 他站在那兒，手里轉(zhuǎn)動著汽車鑰匙。 ?“ upon the surface of the sea” means these boats are just for temporary use. ?翻譯：伴隨著我的帆船夢，我擁有過一艘又一艘的海船。a series . a succession of events/problems/visitors 2) the act of taking over an official position or title . He became chairman in succession to Bernard Allen. 他接替伯納德艾倫任主席。 Production has been suspended while safety checks are carried out. 翻譯：在這里，家中散亂龐雜的全套配備都被收進(jìn)了井然有序的微小模型和流動的夢幻之中，懸浮在海底與天穹之間，準(zhǔn)備著在清晨借著帆的奇跡和繩的魔法啟航。 2） ~ sth/sb (from sth)to hang sth from sth else . 一盞吊燈選在天花板上。 Reading More – Language Point 2. Here the sprawling panoply of The Home is pressed in orderly miniature and liquid delirium, suspended between the bottom of the sea and the top of the sky, ready to move on in the morning by the miracle of canvas and the witchcraft of rope. (Para. 2) ? The Home refers to the home in the traditional concept which is stuffed with all the necessaties for daily life. ?press: to press something or make it smaller so that it takes up less space, or to bee smaller: . Her lips pressed into a thin line. 她的雙唇抿成了一條縫。 v.) A. He left a ________ of muddy footprints. B. He was following a broad ____________ through the trees. C. I can’t __________ the file you want on disk C. D. After graduation we find it difficult to keep ________ of our old friends. E. The intruders were careful not to leave any ______ behind them. trail track trace Reading Focus – Vocabulary in Action trail/track trace 9. sense (n. amp。 ?Paraphrase: In those days we would surely kill a wolf as long as we find one. Reading Focus – Language Point 7. Since then I have lived to see state after state extirpate its wolves. I have watched the face of many a newly wolfless mountain, and seen the southfacing slopes wrinkle with a maze of new deer trails. I have seen every edible bush and seedling browsed, first to anemic desuetude, and then to death. I have seen every edible tree defoliated to the height of a saddlehorn. () ? Parallel structure is used here to emphasize the serious chain consequence of wolf killing. Reading Focus – Language Point 8. Since then I have lived to see state after state extirpate its wolves. (Para. 8) ?extirpate (v.) to pletely destroy something that is unpleasant or unwanted 消滅，根除 . The farmers extirpated weeds from the field. 農(nóng)民們除去了田中的野草。 Reading Focus – Language Point 3. Those unable to decipher the hidden meaning know nevertheless that it is there, for it is felt in all wolf country, and distinguishes that country from all other land. (Para. 3) ?decipher v. to find the meaning of something that is difficult to read or understand 辨認(rèn)；解釋；破譯(密碼 ) ？ Can anyone decipher his handwriting? Reading Focus – Language Point 4. We were eating lunch on a high rimrock, at the foot of which a turbulent river elbowed its way. (Para. 4) ?Personification (擬人 ) is used to show how the river flowed and turned round so fast, as if it were a person struggling for a way forward. Reading Focus – Language Point 5. We saw what we thought was a doe fording the torrent, her breast awash in white water. (Para. 4) ?awash: adj. covered with water or another liquid 被水或其他液體漫過的 ?be~ with This city ______________ drugs. 這座城市毒品泛濫。 With a last defiant gesture 2. Every living thing (and perhaps many a dead one as well) pays heed to that call. (Para. 2) ?pay heed to: to pay attention to sth., especially sth. someone says, and seriously consider it 注意某事；慎重考慮某事 . A good leader should always pay heed to the voice of the masses. 一位好領(lǐng)導(dǎo)應(yīng)該經(jīng)常注