現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)(參考版)
2024-08-26 22:46本頁(yè)面
【正文】 （陳述事實(shí)） ? I have been waiting for two hours. ? 我等了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。 Note 4 : 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常只 陳述事實(shí) ，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)還可表示一種 感情色彩 。 (可能窗戶(hù)尚未擦完 ) How many times have you swum in the lake? How long have you been swimming in the lake? Note 3 :現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作 重復(fù)的次數(shù) ，提問(wèn)時(shí)用 how many times 。 1. I’ve cleaned the windows. 我把窗戶(hù)擦干凈了 。 B. They have been living in New York. 他們 一直 住在巴黎。） Practice: I wish I could bring some laughter to my students who ____ so hard. work B. had worked C. have been working D. were working 2. –Isn’t it hard to drive downtown to work? Yes, that’s why I ____ to work by train. gone B. have been going C. was going D. will have gone 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的比較 : Note 1: 兩者都可表示延續(xù)至今的狀態(tài) , 但 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行 時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)著重 說(shuō)明一個(gè)事實(shí)。） 2. Susan has been crying. （ Susan’s eyes are red.） 蘇姍一直在哭。 1. I’ve been typing letters all day. （ I am very tired. ） 一整天都在打信件。 用法二： 表示一個(gè)從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)剛結(jié)束。 . has been raining since last Monday. 自上周一以來(lái)就一直在下雨。 I’ve been having a lot of colds. 最近天氣變化無(wú)常 , 我時(shí)常感冒。試比較： They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 2. 在沒(méi)有明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)作標(biāo)志時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間先后須依據(jù)上下文來(lái)判斷：先發(fā)生的用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，后發(fā)生的則用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 I had learned 1000 English words till then. 到那時(shí)為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了 1000 個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。 四、過(guò)去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但側(cè)重對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“助動(dòng)詞 have (has) + 過(guò)去分詞”；過(guò)去完成時(shí)則是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，它所表示的動(dòng)作不僅發(fā)生在過(guò)去，更強(qiáng)調(diào)“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，只有和過(guò)去某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)，才用到它。 \We had hardly begun when we were told to stop. 我們剛開(kāi)始就被叫停。如： By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years. （ had worked 已有了 20 年，還有繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去的可能） 5. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)也用于 hardly...when...（剛 ?就 ?） no sooner...than... （剛 ?就 ?） , It was the first time + that等一些固定句型中。此時(shí)多與already， yet ， still ， just ， before ， never 等時(shí)間副詞及 by ， before ， until 等引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)或從句連用。（主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”） 2. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，表示的是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，只有和過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)才使用它。t seen each other since he went to Beijing. 三、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的主要用法 1. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成或結(jié)束，即發(fā)生在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。如： did you study before you came here? he closed the door, he left the classroom. 3. 根據(jù)上、下文來(lái)判定。在 told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在： 1）表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如 hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose 等，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示 原本 ?，未能 ? We had hoped that you would e, but you didn39。 如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday 2. 由“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”來(lái)判定。clock last night. （ 2 ） by the end of + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有： （ 1 ） by + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。t in the office . she_______ to the library . Ａ .has gone Ｂ . went Ｃ .will go Ｄ . has been My parents ______ Shan
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