跨文化chapter(參考版)
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【正文】 London dialect and Manchester dialect. ? Sociolects refer not only to one’s social condition but also to one’s style according to the municative situation. Eg. Socalled “Received Pronunciation” in British English has bee characteristic of upper class speech in Britain in the 19th century. In a formal situation, one might say “How do you do, Mr. Mullins?” but, in an informal situation, one could say “Hi, Jim” or “How’re things going?” Chapter 5 Verbal Intercultural Communication 2. Pidgin and Lingua Franca ? A pidgin is a special language variety that mixes or blends languages for restricted purposes such as trading. Pidgin languages possess two characteristics. First, they have no native speakers. Second, the linguistic and grammatical structure of pidgin languages is always simple and based on one or two other languages. Eg. “Long time no see!” is an example of a pidgin expression coined by early Chinese immigrants in the United States. Chapter 5 Verbal Intercultural Communication ?A Lingua Franca is also used for munication purposes between different groups of people, each speaking a different language. It is viewed as an international means of munication. Eg. Latin was a Lingua Franca in the Middle Ages and French became a Lingua Franca in the 18th century. Today English is considered a Lingua Franca. Chapter 5 Verbal Intercultural Communication 3. Taboo and Euphemism ? Taboo refers to prohibition of a set of behaviors that should be avoided because they are offensive and impolite. Eg. Number 4 is taboo to the Chinese. ? Euphemism is the linguistic counterpart of taboo because it substitutes the offensive and disturbing vocabulary. Eg. “senior citizen” instead of “old people”。 tu/vous). Chapter 5 Verbal Intercultural Communication 5. Instrumental and Affective Style ? An instrumental verbal style is senderbased and goaloute based. The instrumental speaker uses munication to achieve some goal or oute. The burden of understanding often rests with the speaker. ? An affective munication style is receiver and process oriented. The affective speaker is concerned not so much with the oute of the munication, but with the process.
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