病毒與宿主相互作用lyx(參考版)
2024-08-12 17:42本頁面
【正文】 Virushost interaction: an evolutionary view ?Natural selection ?Driving force for generation of mutations ?Lateral gene transfer ?Shaping the immune system ?Viruses and hosts coevolve Virushost interaction was, is, and will be shaping lives of both sides！ microbial musings 。 ? 人類腫瘤病毒： HTLVI. Diagram of putative transforming action of HTLV1. HTLVI is transmitted by celltocell contact of HTLVIinfected cells. After infection, HTLVI promotes clonal proliferation of infected cells by Tax and HBZ. However, proliferation of HTLVIinfected cells is also controlled by CTLs in vivo. During the latency period, the geic and epigeic alterations accumulate in the host genomes. In late phase, the expression of Tax is inactivated, suggesting that Tax is not always necessary in this stage. On the other hand, HBZ is important in all phases. Int J Hematol 2022, 78:312320. Virusinduced cytopathology ?Virusinduced cell death: apoptosis and necrosis ?Viral oncogenesis ?病毒持續(xù) 感染狀態(tài) （ Viral persistence） Viral persistence ? Host is not killed by the virus. ? The virus is able to evade the immune defenses. Host Virus Strategy for persistence High titer replication Latent infection Smoldering infection HBV HIV HSV, HPV Noncytocidal cytocidal silent immune variable active tolerance immune response immune response Host immune responses to viral infection Part II ?抗病毒免疫 （ Antiviral immunity） ?病毒誘導(dǎo)的免疫病理 （ Virusinduced immunopathology） ?病毒誘導(dǎo)的免疫抑制（ Virusinduced immunosuppression） Antiviral immunity ?Innate immunity (nonspecific) The 2‘5‘oligo A synthetase The protein kinase Antiviral immunity ?Innate immunity (nonspecific) ?Acquired immunity (specific ) ?Humoral immunity (antibody) ?Cellular immunity (cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells ) ? Schematic representation of the effectiveness of the ponents of the antiviral immune response against different forms of HIV1. Neutralizing antibodies are efficient in blocking virus particles but poorly effective against cellassociated virus, such as virusinfected cells. Some CTLs are effective against virusinfected cells but not against free virus particles. Neither antibodies nor CTLs are effective against latently infected cells. Nat Med 2022, 10(8):806810 Host immune responses to viral infection ?抗病毒免疫 （ Antiviral immunity） ?病毒誘導(dǎo)的免疫病理 （ Virusinduced immunopathology） ?病毒誘導(dǎo)的免疫抑制（ Virusinduced immunosuppression） 病毒誘導(dǎo)的免疫損傷 ? A selected list of immunemediated viral disease of animals and human. Viral pathogenesis and immunity. Second Edition. 2022. What is the evidence that a virus disease is immunemediated? ?Clinical data ?Pathological examination ?Experimental animal Virusinduced immunopathology Immune response Virus replication noncytopathic virus Immune mechanism of virusinduced disease ?Cellmediated immunopathology ?Antibodymediated immunopathology ?病毒誘導(dǎo)的自身免疫病 （ Virusinitiated autoimmunity） Virusinitiated autoimmunity B和 T細(xì)胞能夠特異性識(shí)別病毒編碼的蛋白質(zhì)多肽； 性； T淋巴細(xì)胞也能識(shí)別宿主細(xì)胞的同源蛋白； 。 Intergration of retrovirus proviral DNA in
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