【正文】 It also called clinic prophylaxis that can prevent disability and promote recovery of function and increase survival quality and prolong lifetime and decrease fatality rate. it is mainly consist of symptomatic treatment convalescent care. Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 84 三級預防與疾病自然史的關系 Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 85 哥倫比亞的社區(qū)預防 Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 86 第五節(jié) 疾病監(jiān)測 （ disease surveillance ） 一 疾病監(jiān)測的定義 二 疾病監(jiān)測的種類 三 疾病監(jiān)測的幾個概念 四 疾病監(jiān)測的內(nèi)容和方法 ? definition of disease surveillance ? category of disease surveillance ? concepts of disease surveillance ? contents and methods of disease surveillance Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 87 五 疾病監(jiān)測系統(tǒng) 六 信息技術(shù)在監(jiān)測中的應用 七 行為學監(jiān)測和二代監(jiān)測 ? disease surveillance system ? information technology of application in the surveillance ? ethological surveillance and bibasic surveillance Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 88 一 疾病監(jiān)測的定義 definition of disease surveillance 長期、連續(xù)、系統(tǒng)地收集疾病的動態(tài)分布及其影響因素的資料，經(jīng)過分析將信息上報和反饋，傳達給所有應當知道的人，以便及時采取干預措施并評價其效果 Data about dynamic distribution and risk factor of disease are collected. Then the analysis of the data are reported and feedback municated to the people who should know the results so that we can adopt the measures of interference and evaluate the effect. Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 89 二 疾病監(jiān)測的種類 The category of the disease surveillance 傳染病監(jiān)測 （ contagious disease surveillance ） Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 90 ? 世界衛(wèi)生組織將 瘧疾、流行性感冒、脊髓灰質(zhì)炎、流行性斑疹傷寒和回歸熱 為國際監(jiān)測的傳染病。三級預防可以防止傷殘和促進功能恢復，提高生存質(zhì)量，延長壽命，降低病死率。 ? The aim of crowd policy is that make the whole population to decrease the exposal level of risk factors of disease Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 80 ? 高危策略旨在消除具有某些疾病的危險因素人群的特殊暴露，它是通過健康保護實現(xiàn)的 ? the aim of high risk of policy is that eliminate the special exposal to risk factor of some disease by health protection. Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 81 方法 （ Methods） ? 普查 ? 篩檢 ? 定期健康檢查 ? 設立專門的防治機構(gòu) ? Census ? Screening ? Regular health examination ? Set up special prophylactictherapy institutes Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 82 二級預防 （ secondary prevention） ? 定義 ： 又稱 “ 三早 ” 預防，即早發(fā)現(xiàn)、早診斷、早治療，是防止或減緩疾病發(fā)展采取的措施。 預防 、 管理慢性非傳染性疾病 ， 做好老年保健 . Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 59 The main task ?The implementation of disease prevention and control measures, focus on infection diseases, endemic diseases, parasitic disease, occupational disease, and importance disease, Strengthen the metal health work, prevent different accident, stabilization of EPI coverage, enhance the coverage of modern methods to control TB． prevention, management of chronic nonmunicable diseases. Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 60 提高鄉(xiāng) 、 村衛(wèi)生機構(gòu)常見病 、 多發(fā)病的診療水平 ， 規(guī)范醫(yī)療服務行為 ， 為農(nóng)村居民提供安全有效的基本醫(yī)療服務 Improve the diagnosis and treatment level of mon disease in health institute in rural area , regulate medical services, to provide safe and effective basic medical service Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 61 加強對孕產(chǎn)婦和兒童的管理 ， 提高農(nóng)村孕產(chǎn)婦住院分娩率 ， 穩(wěn)步降低孕產(chǎn)婦死亡率和嬰兒死亡率 ， 改善兒童營養(yǎng)狀況 ， 不斷提高婦女兒童健康水平 To strengthen the management of pregnancy maternal and child, continuously improve the delivery rate in hospital, decreasing the maternal and infant mortality, improve the health situation of children, increase the level of health care for maternal and children. Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 62 加大農(nóng)村改水 、 改廁力度 ， 提高農(nóng)村自來水及農(nóng)村衛(wèi)生廁所普及率 ，結(jié)合小城鎮(zhèn)和文明鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)建設 ， 創(chuàng)建衛(wèi)生鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn) ，改善農(nóng)村居民的勞動和生活環(huán)境 Create a health towns, improve working and living environment Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 63 開展健康教育和健康促進 ， 積極推進全國億萬農(nóng)民健康促進行動 ， 提高農(nóng)村居民基本衛(wèi)生知識知曉率和中小學健康教育開課率 ， 倡導文明健康的生活方式 ， 增強農(nóng)村居民的健康意識和自我保健能力 ， 促進人群健康相關行為的形成 Carry out health education and health promotion, advocate a civilized and healthy lifestyle Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 64 依法加大對公共衛(wèi)生 、藥品和健康相關產(chǎn)品的監(jiān)督力度 ， 控制危害農(nóng)村居民健康的主要公共衛(wèi)生問題 ， 努力抓好食品衛(wèi)生 、 公共場所衛(wèi)生和勞動衛(wèi)生 Intensify supervision on public health, medicine, and health related products, control the main public health problem threaten the health of rural residence according to law, do effort to manage food safety, public institute and labor health. Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 65 充分利用中醫(yī)藥資源，發(fā)揮中醫(yī)藥的特點與優(yōu)勢，不斷提高農(nóng)村中醫(yī)藥服務水平 Make full use of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, to full play the role of features and advantage of Chinese Medicine, and improve the service health of Chinese Medicine continuously Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 66 完善和發(fā)展農(nóng)村合作醫(yī)療 ， 探索實行區(qū)域性大病統(tǒng)籌 ， 逐步建立貧困家庭醫(yī)療救助制度 ， 積極實行多種形式的農(nóng)民醫(yī)療保障制度 ? Improvement and development of rural cooperative medical care, exploring Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 67 實