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concentration. When heat pumps are used in drying, evaporation and distillation processes, heat is recycled within the process. For space heating, heating of process streams and steam production, heat pumps utilise (waste) heat sources between 20℃ and 100℃ . The most mon waste heat streams in industry are cooling water, effluent, condensate, moisture, and condenser heat from refrigeration plants. Because of the fluctuation in waste heat supply, it can be necessary to use large storage tanks for accumulation to ensure stable operation of the heat pump. Space heating: Heat pumps can utilise conventional heat sources for heating of greenhouses and industrial buildings, or they can recover industrial waste heat that could not be used directly, and provide a low to medium temperature heat that can be utilised internally or externally for space heating. Mainly electric closedcycle pression heat pumps are used. Process water heating and cooling:Many industries need warm process water in the temperature range from 4090℃ , and often have a significant hot water demand in the same temperature range for washing, sanitation and cleaning purposes. This can be met by heat pumps. Heat pumps can also be a part of an integrated system that provides both cooling and heating. Mainly electric closedcycle pression heat 沈陽化工學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 附錄 A pumps are installed, but a few absorption heat pumps and heat transformers are also in use. Steam production: Industry consumes vast amounts of low, medium and high pressure steam in the temperature range from 100200℃ . Steam is used directly in industrial processes, and for heat distribution. Current high temperature heat pumps can produce steam up to 150℃ (a heat pump prototype has achieved 300℃ ). Both open and semiopen MVR systems, closedcycle pression heat pumps, cascade (bination) systems and a few heat transformers are in operation. Drying process:Heat pumps are used extensively in industrial dehumidification and drying processes at low and moderate temperatures (maximum 100℃ ). The main applications are drying of pulp and paper, various food products wood and lumber. Drying of temperaturesensitive products is also interesting. Heat pump dryers generally have high performance (COP 57), and often improve the quality of the dried products as pared with traditional drying methods. Because the drying is executed in a closed system, odours from the drying of food products etc. are reduced. Both closedcycle pression heat pumps and MVR systems are used. Evaporation and distillation processes:Evaporation and distillation are energyintensive processes, and most heat pumps are installed in these processes in the chemical and food industries. In evaporation processes the residue is the main product, while the vapour (distillate) is the main product in distillation processes. Most systems are open or semiopen MVRs, but closedcycle pression heat pumps are also applied. Small temperature lifts result in high performance wit。 evaporation。 steam production。 heating and cooling of process streams。working fluid39。王老師崇高的師德、淵博的知識、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)?態(tài)度以及對學(xué)生的關(guān)心給我留下了深刻的印象。 沈陽化工學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 致謝 致謝 本設(shè)計是在王翠華老師的悉心指導(dǎo)下完成的。進(jìn)入 21 世紀(jì),能源緊缺是我們面 臨的重要問題,人們也越來越關(guān)注節(jié)能,因此空調(diào)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,不僅要在能源利用、能量的節(jié)約和回收、改進(jìn)能量轉(zhuǎn)換和傳遞設(shè)備的性能、提高系統(tǒng)能量的綜合利用效果和尋求合理的運行規(guī)律等方面繼續(xù)研究和開發(fā),而且要在更廣泛的范圍內(nèi),研究創(chuàng)造有利于健康的適于人工作和生活的環(huán)境。“非典”的出現(xiàn),使人們越來越多的開始關(guān)注空氣的質(zhì)量問題。 空調(diào)工程正越來越多的應(yīng)用在工業(yè)、科學(xué)以及民用領(lǐng)域中,現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展需要空氣調(diào)節(jié)。 沈陽化工學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 結(jié) 論 結(jié)論 本設(shè)計為沈陽某綜合樓空調(diào)工程設(shè)計。風(fēng)機盤管運行方便、調(diào)節(jié)靈活且運行費用比較低。 除風(fēng)量調(diào)節(jié)外,風(fēng)機盤管的供冷(熱)量也可通過水量調(diào)節(jié)閥自動調(diào)節(jié) 。 風(fēng)機盤管系統(tǒng) 風(fēng)機盤管機組簡稱風(fēng)機盤管,是一 種末端裝置。該冷凝器的冷卻塔與熱水管路是兩個完全獨立的水路,制冷劑管路對兩個管束公用。宜用于單機容量大于 580KW 的大型中央空調(diào)制冷系統(tǒng),特別適用于空調(diào)負(fù)荷大的高層建筑空調(diào)制冷系統(tǒng)及區(qū)域制冷系統(tǒng)。僅從離心式冷水機組、風(fēng)機盤管機組等進(jìn)行了粗略的控制和調(diào)節(jié)。 沈陽化工學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 第八章 消聲減振管道和保溫方面的計考慮 保溫管道防結(jié)露 下表為各管徑下要求的防結(jié)露厚 度: 表 81 管徑 DN15 DN20 DN25 DN32 DN40 DN50 DN70 DN80 DN100 厚度 11 12 13 14 15 沈陽化工學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 第九章 空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的控制和調(diào)節(jié) 九.空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的控制和調(diào)節(jié) 自動控制和調(diào)節(jié)包括:調(diào)節(jié)風(fēng)閥的開度保持系統(tǒng)內(nèi)各房間的參數(shù)穩(wěn)定;室內(nèi)外參數(shù)和處理設(shè)備后的參數(shù)的檢測;工況自動轉(zhuǎn)換;設(shè)備的連鎖與自動保護;中央監(jiān)控與管理。同時綜合考慮保溫材料的吸水率、使用溫度范圍、使用壽命、抗老化性、機械強度、防火性能、造價以及經(jīng)濟性。水泵、冷水機組、風(fēng)機盤管、空調(diào)機組等設(shè)備供回水管用橡膠或不銹鋼柔性軟管連接,以不使設(shè)備的振動傳遞給管路。隔振基座用鋼筋混凝土板加 工而成。可以用非剛性連接來達(dá)到削弱由機器傳給基礎(chǔ)的振動,即在振源和基礎(chǔ)之間設(shè)減振裝置。新風(fēng)機組:新風(fēng)是由各層的單獨的新風(fēng)機組供給,由新風(fēng)機組的噪聲參數(shù)知道,需要設(shè)置消聲器。 空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的消聲設(shè)備選型 建筑中選用風(fēng)機盤管加新風(fēng)系統(tǒng) [14]。風(fēng)機噪聲是由于葉片驅(qū)動空氣產(chǎn)生的紊流引起的寬頻帶氣噪聲以及響應(yīng)的旋轉(zhuǎn)噪聲所組成,后者由轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)和葉片數(shù)確定其噪聲頻率。包括其中的冷卻塔、空調(diào)制冷機組、通風(fēng)機、風(fēng)管、風(fēng)閥等產(chǎn)生的噪聲。 3)冷凝水管的公稱直徑 D( mm),一般情況下可以按照機組的冷負(fù)荷 Q,按照下列數(shù)據(jù)近似選定冷凝水管的公稱直徑: Q≤ 7kW 時, DN=20mm Q=~ 時, DN=25mm Q=~ 100kW 時, DN=32mm Q=101~ 176kW 時, DN=40mm Q=177~ 598kW 時, DN=50mm Q=599~ 1055kW 時, DN=80mm Q=1056~ 1512kW 時, DN=100mm Q=1513~ 12462kW 時, DN=125mm 本設(shè)計的凝水管采用聚乙烯塑料管,可以不 加防止二次節(jié)露的保溫層;風(fēng)機盤管的凝結(jié)水管管徑與風(fēng)機盤管的管徑一致,均用 DN20,就近排放至臨近的衛(wèi)生間下水口。 2)冷凝水管道宜采用聚乙烯塑料管或鍍鋅管,不宜采用焊接管。(見附表) 2)根據(jù)各管段的風(fēng)量及選定的流速,確定最不利環(huán)路各管段的斷面尺寸及沿程阻沈陽化工學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 第七章 空調(diào)水系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計 力和局部阻力如下 : 初選管段 12的計算流速為 ,流量為 m3/h,管徑為 DN20,管長為 2米,則 e? =故 ? Pe =6613Pa 局部阻力損失: 三通兩個, ? =,截止閥一個 ? = 故 ? Pj=? ? v2 /2=5819 Pa 總阻力 ? P=? Pe+? Pj=12432 Pa 管段 23:假設(shè)流速為 ,流量為 m3/h,管長為 3米,則 d=vV?36004= 米,實際流速為 m/s, e? =故 ? Pe=2717 Pa 局部阻力損失: 三通一個, ? =,截止閥一個 ? = 故 ? Pj=? ? v2 /2= 3035 Pa 總阻力 ? P=? Pe+? Pj=5752 Pa 管段 34:假設(shè)流速為 1m/s,流量為 m3/h,管長為 10米,則 d=vV?36004= 米,實際流速為 , e? =故 ? Pe=1002Pa 局部阻力損失: 三通兩個, ? =, 故 ? Pj=? ? v2 /2= 64 Pa 總阻力 ? P=? Pe+? Pj=1066 Pa 沈陽化工學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 第七章 空調(diào)水系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計 管段 45:流量為 m