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Parkinson．Optimizing Truck Cab Layout for Driver Acmodation．Journal of Mechanical Design ，2007（11）附 錄AOptimizing Truck Cab Layoutfor Driver AcmodationOne important source of variability in the performance and success of products designed for use by people is the people themselves. In many cases, the acceptability of the design is affected more by the variability in the human users than by the variability attributable to the hardware from which the product is constructed. Designing for human variability as an inherent part of the product optimization process can improve the overall performance of the product. This paper presents a new approach to artifact design that applies population sampling and stochastic posture prediction in an optimization environment to achieve optimal designs that are robust to variability among users, including differences in age, physical size, strength, and cognitive capability. A case study involving the layout of the interior of a heavy truck cab is presented, focusing on simultaneous placement of the seat and steeringwheel adjustment ranges. Tradeoffs between adjustability (an indicator of cost), driver acmodation, and safety are explored under this paradigm.IntroductionHumans are highly variable on many functional measures that are related to artifact design variables. The wide ranges of adult standing height, hip breadth, and other body dimensions _called “anthropometry”_ are readily observed and often considered quantitatively in design. Variability in human perception, behavior, and performance can be equally or more important than anthropometric variability, but these factors are less monly considered in a quantitative manner. Human adaptability diminishes but does not eliminate the impact of interindividual variability on artifact performance. The ubiquity of “one size fits all” is a testament to adaptability, but is not a prescription for good design, particularly in cases for which performance is important and people interact with the artifact through multiple interfaces. Designing for human variability requires quantitative consideration of all relevant aspects of human variability to enable accurate estimates of product performance for a diverse population of users.The design of a vehicle interior is one problem in which human_occupant_ variability is a primary concern. The layout of the driver’s workstation in a truck cab includes the selection of locations for the seat, steering wheel, pedals, and other ponents, subject to geometric constraints _such as floor height, roof height, firewall position, and cab length_. This layout problem is referred to as driver packaging. Within cab dimension limits and other constraints, the vehicle interior is engineered to maximize the acmodation of the design population, where acmodation means that a person is able to perform all required tasks while seated in a fortable posture. A person is usually considered to be acmodated as a driver if they can choose ponent locations and a posture without encountering the limits of adjustment ranges. Component locations that force them to adopt other postures produce dissatisfaction and can affect safety. However, even among acmodated individuals, a vehicle usually provides a wide range of performance on other important measures, such as headroom and exterior vision.During the vehicle design process, one important driver acmodation problem is the selection of the position and size of the seat adjustment range _foreaft and vertical_ with respect to the pedals such that a target percentage of the population is acmodated _Fig. 1_. The problem is more plicated if both the seat and steering wheel are adjustable _Fig. 2_. Very large adjustment ranges for all ponents would acmodate nearly all drivers, but adjustability is constrained by cost, safety, and the desire to reduce cab dimensions to maximize cargo capacity. Frequently, adjustment ranges are limited by carryover ponents from currentproduction vehicles or by a requirement to use mercial, offtheshelf _COTS_ hardware. In this case, the design problem can be simplified to selecting the locations for fixed adjustment ranges, which entails selecting values for four variables defining the foreaft and vertical positions of the center of the seat adjustment range and the steeringwheel pivot point.Current industry practice for vehicle interior packaging relies on two toolsets. The Society of Automotive Engineers _SAE_ maintains a handbook of remended practices that define methods and models for ponent layout . For example, SAE J1517 describes the preferred foreaft position for seat adjustment ranges as a function of seat height. Vehicle designers also make extensive use of digital human modeling _DHM_ software, which places software manikins representing drivers into digital vehicle mockups DHM software can represent people with a wide range of body dimensions in many possible postures. Virtual environments have progressed and are being used for conceptual layouts. Both methods are limited in their ability to support refined ergonomics assessments. Virtual environments are ham。最后自卸卡車是地下無軌采礦的配套設(shè)備之一，由于它的在礦業(yè)發(fā)展中