【正文】 39.【解析】 D。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞psychological wellbeing 和 children39。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞American parents 和 different ways of parenting 可定位至[F]段。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞workingclass parents, respect to adults 可定位至[G]段。 number of factors are driving down the global oil prices not just for now but in the foreseeable future.37. Pricing carbon proves the most economical way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.38. It is estimated that extreme weather conditions have endangered the lives of millions of African children.39. The prices of coal are low as a result of oversupply and decreasing demand.40. Higher fossil fuel prices prove to be conducive to innovation and application of cleaner technology.41. If fossil fuel prices remain low for a long time, it may lead to higher emissions of greenhouse gases.42. Fossil fuels remain the major source of primary energy consumption in today39。Section BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Price of Oil and the Price of Carbon[A]Fossil fuel prices are likely to stay “l(fā)ow for long.” Notwithstanding important recent progress in developing renewable fuel sources, low fossil fuel prices could discourage further innovation in, and adoption of, cleaner energy technologies. The result would be higher emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.[B]Policymakers should not allow low energy prices to derail the clean energy transition. Action to restore appropriate price incentives, notably through corrective carbon pricing, is urgently needed to lower the risk of irreversible and potentially devastating effects of climate change. That approach also offers fiscal benefits.[C]Oil prices have dropped by over 60% since June 2014. A monly held view in the oil industry is that “the best cure for low oil prices is low oil prices.” The reasoning behind this saying is that low oil prices discourage investment in new production capacity, eventually shifting the oil supply curve backward and bringing prices back up as existing oil fields一which can be tapped at relatively low marginal cost—are depleted. In fact, in line with past experience capital expenditure in the oil sector has dropped sharply in many producing countries, including the United States. The dynamic adjustment to low oil prices may, however, be different this time around.[D]Oil prices are expected to remain lower for longer. The advent of new technologies has added about million barrels per day to the crude oil market, contributing to a global oversupply. In addition, other factors are putting downward pressure on oil prices: change in the strategies behavior of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, the projected increase in Iranian exports, the scaling down of global demand (especially from emerging markets), the longterm drop in petroleum consumption in the United States, and some displacement of oil by substitutes. These likely persistent forces, like the growth of shale (頁巖）oil, point to a “l(fā)ow for long” scenario. Futures markets, which show only a modest recovery of prices to around $60 a barrel by 2019, support this view.[E]Natural gas and coal—alsofossil fuels—have similarly seen price declines that look to be longlived. Coal and natural gas are mainly used for electricity generation, whereas oil is used mostly to power transportation, yet the prices of all these energy sources are linked. The North American shale gas boom has resulted in record low prices there. The recent discovery of the giant Zohr gas field off the Egyptian coast will eventually have impact on pricing in the Mediterranean region and Europe, and there is significant development potential in many other places, notably Argentina. Coal prices also are low, owing to oversupply and the scalingdown of demand, especially from China, which bums half of the world’s coal.[F]Technological innovations have unleashed the power of renewables such as wind, hydro, solar, and geothermal (地?zé)?.Even Africa and the Middle East，home to economies that are heavily dependent on fossil fuel exports, have enormous potential to develop renewables. For example, the United Arab Emirates has endorsed an ambitious target to draw 24% of its primary energy consumption from renewable sources by 2021.[G]Progress in the development of renewables could be fragile, however, if fossil fuel prices remain low for long. Renewables account for only a small share of global primary energy consumption, which is still dominated by fossil fuels—30% each for coal and oil, 25% for natural gas. But renewable energy will have to displace fossil fuels to a much greater extent in the future to avoid unacceptable climate risks.[H]Unfortunately, the current low prices for oil, gas, and coal may provide little incentive for research to find even cheaper substitutes for those fuels. There is strong evidence that both innovation and adoption of cleaner technology are strongly encouraged by higher fossil fuel prices. The same is true for new technologies for alleviating fossil fuel emissions.[I]The current low fossil fuel price environment will thus certainly delay the energy transition from fossil fuel to clean energy sources. Unless renewables bee cheap enough that substantial carbon deposits are left underground for a very long time, if not forever, the planet will like be exposed to potentially catastrophic climate risks.[J]Some climate impacts may already be discernible. For example, the United Nations Children Fund estimates that some 11 million children in Africa face hunger, disease, and water shortage as a result of the strongest El Nino (厄爾尼諾）weather phenomenon in decades. Many scientists beli