【正文】 浙江海洋學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 附錄附錄：Introduction to Civil Engineering PapersCivil Engineering for the development of a key role, first as a material foundation for the civil engineering construction materials, followed by the subsequent development of the design theory and construction technology. Every time a new quality of building materials, civil engineering will be a leapstyle development. People can only rely on the early earth, wood and other natural materials in the construction activities, and later appeared in brick and tile that artificial materials, so that the first human to break the shackles of natural building materials. China in the eleventh century BC in the early Western Zhou Dynasty created the tile. The first brick in the fifth century BC to the third century BC, when the tomb of the Warring States Period. Brick and tile better than the mechanical properties of soil, materials, and easy to manufacture. The brick and tile so that people began to appear widely, to a large number of housing construction and urban flood control project, and so on. This civil engineering technology has been rapid development. Up to 18 to the 19th century, as long as two thousand years, brick and tile has been a major civil engineering construction materials, human civilization has made a great contribution to the even was also widely used in the present. The application of a large number of steel products is the second leap in civil engineering. Seventeen 1970s the use of pig iron, the early nineteenth century, the use of wrought iron bridges and the construction of housing, which is a prelude to the emergence of steel. From the beginning of the midnineteenth century, metallurgical industry, smelting and rolling out high tensile and pressive strength, ductility, uniformity of the quality of construction steel and then produce highstrength steel wire, steel cables. As a result of the need to adapt to the development of the steel structure have been flourishing. In addition to the application of the original beam, arch structure, the new truss, a framework, the structure of network, cable structures to promote the gradual emergence of the structure of Yan in the form of flowers. From the brick building longspan structures, stone structures, a few meters of wood, steel structure to the development of tens of meters, a few hundred meters, until modern km above. So in the river, cross the bridge from shelves, on the ground since the construction of skyscrapers and highrise tower, even in the laying of underground railway, to create an unprecedented miracle. In order to meet the needs of the development of steel works, on the basis of Newton39。這些年來他們一直在默默地為我而奉獻(xiàn)著。 最后，我要特別感謝我的父母。在建筑設(shè)計(jì)階段，老師有開闊的視野、思想，能從很別具一格的視角發(fā)現(xiàn)我建筑方案的不足，并對(duì)我提出建議。 完成這份設(shè)計(jì)除了自身的努力，更離不開老師的指導(dǎo)。只有認(rèn)認(rèn)真真的、腳踏實(shí)地的、一絲不茍的做好每一步，我們才能最終把事情做好。因?yàn)樯晕⒁粋€(gè)疏忽都有可能造成嚴(yán)重的后果。這無論是對(duì)以后的學(xué)習(xí)還是科研都是大有益處的。回顧整個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)過程，可以說沒有一點(diǎn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)可言。在這幾個(gè)月的設(shè)計(jì)中，雖然遇到的困難很多，但都一一克服了，從最初的懵里懵懂，到現(xiàn)在對(duì)專業(yè)知識(shí)的一定掌握，很慶幸這次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)讓自己有個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)能夠回顧一下大學(xué)四年所學(xué)的知識(shí)，讓自己有個(gè)系統(tǒng)的了解。同時(shí)也為以后的工作打下了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)，也為以后的人生作好了鋪墊。后期的計(jì)算書電腦輸入，由于以前對(duì)各種辦公軟件應(yīng)用不多，以致開始的輸入速度相當(dāng)?shù)穆?，不過經(jīng)過一段時(shí)間的練習(xí)，逐漸熟練。中期進(jìn)行對(duì)選取的一榀框架進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)手算更是重頭戲，對(duì)各門專業(yè)課程知識(shí)貫穿起來加以運(yùn)用，比如恒載，活載與抗震的綜合考慮進(jìn)行內(nèi)力組合等。在計(jì)算機(jī)制圖的過程中，我更熟練AutoCAD、天正建筑等建筑設(shè)計(jì)軟件。在設(shè)計(jì)的過程中，遇到的問題是不斷的。浙江海洋學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 結(jié)論結(jié) 論通過為期兩個(gè)多月的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)，總的體會(huì)可以用一句話來表達(dá)—“紙上得來終覺淺，絕知此事要躬行”以往的課程設(shè)計(jì)都是單獨(dú)的構(gòu)件或建筑物的某一部分的設(shè)計(jì)，而畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)則不一樣，它需要綜合考慮各個(gè)方面的工程因素，諸如布局的合理，安全，經(jīng)濟(jì)，美觀，還要兼顧施工的方便。） b、箍筋計(jì)算=250315+210315 = Vma = kN箍筋按構(gòu)造配置φ8100。m(3)、配筋計(jì)算αs=106/1000602=γs=As=M/γsfyh0=106/30060=159mm2受力筋的選用φ8150 (1)、荷載計(jì)算梁自重（） （）25= 梁側(cè)粉刷 （）217=平臺(tái)板傳來 梯段板傳來 3/2= q=gk=(+3/2)=gd== qd==gd+qd= (2)、內(nèi)力計(jì)算L0== ()= M=1/8qdl02=1/8= kNm(5)、配筋計(jì)算h0=h20=12020=100mmαs=M/α1fcbh02=106/10001002=γs=As=M/γsfyh0=106/21080=714mm2受力筋的選用φ12150（=754 mm178。 (1)、樓梯剖面和剖面尺寸見圖23圖23 樓梯剖面示意圖(2)、樓梯設(shè)計(jì)示意圖見圖24圖24 樓梯設(shè)計(jì)示意圖(3)、梯段板厚度確定梯段板的厚度為h0=l0/30==120mm。平臺(tái)板及梯段板受力鋼筋及構(gòu)造鋼筋均采用HPB235級(jí)鋼筋，混凝土C30級(jí)。11 樓梯設(shè)計(jì)樓梯踏步面層貼預(yù)制水磨石板厚50mm，梯段板下摸麻刀灰20mm厚，采用金屬欄桿。 取11截面為基礎(chǔ)中間，則；P=；則有：則11的配筋為每米配置16200?！督ㄖ鼗A(chǔ)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》GB50072002 ：在軸心荷載或單向偏心荷載作用偏心作用下板底受彎可按下列簡(jiǎn)化方法計(jì)算：對(duì)于矩形基礎(chǔ)，任意截面的彎矩可按下列公式計(jì)算：式中：任意截面122處相應(yīng)于荷載效應(yīng)基本組合時(shí)彎矩設(shè)計(jì)值；任意截面11至基底邊緣最大反力處得距離；基礎(chǔ)底面的邊長(zhǎng)；相應(yīng)于荷載效應(yīng)基本組合時(shí)的基礎(chǔ)底面最大和最小地基反力設(shè)計(jì)值；相應(yīng)于荷載效應(yīng)基本組合時(shí)在任意截面11處基礎(chǔ)底面地基反力設(shè)計(jì)值。其他獨(dú)立基礎(chǔ)配筋方法和上述方法相同，這里不在贅述。上述抗沖切驗(yàn)算均滿足要求，說明兩階高900mm的獨(dú)立基礎(chǔ)滿足要求。柱邊基礎(chǔ)截面抗沖切驗(yàn)算：l=5m，b=4m。(3)、驗(yàn)算承載力查表23得=+=(采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)組合)=+=，故承載力滿足要求。 (4軸A柱) (1)、選型，礎(chǔ)底面處于粉質(zhì)粘土層。；階梯形基礎(chǔ)每階高度宜為300~500mm；混凝土強(qiáng)度等級(jí)不低于C20，選C35；基礎(chǔ)保護(hù)層厚度取40mm；墊層厚度取100mm的C10素混凝土。雙向板計(jì)算雙向板的計(jì)算采用PKPM電算。9 樓蓋設(shè)計(jì)樓面梁格分布如圖21所示。其它層的計(jì)算結(jié)果均為4肢箍A12100，經(jīng)PKPN電算結(jié)果驗(yàn)算表明符合要求，這里不在贅述。柱端加密區(qū)選用4肢箍筋A(yù)12100,加密長(zhǎng)度根據(jù)《建筑抗震設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》，柱底為1660mm。由N==600600=,因此去N=。當(dāng)1時(shí)，取=1；當(dāng)3時(shí)取=3。框架柱斜截面受剪承載力應(yīng)符合下列公式：式中：框架柱的剪跨比。 柱剪力增大系數(shù)。根據(jù)《建筑抗震設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》：一、二、三級(jí)框架柱組合的剪力設(shè)計(jì)值應(yīng)該按下式確定:式中：、分別為柱上、下端順時(shí)針或反時(shí)針方向方向截面截面組合的彎矩設(shè)計(jì)值。(2)、框架柱斜截面受剪承載力計(jì)算以第一層中柱為例進(jìn)行計(jì)算。表29中，是附加偏心距，其值取偏心方向截面尺寸的1/30和20mm中的較大值；當(dāng)；當(dāng)15時(shí),取式中：表29 第一層中柱正截面受壓承載力計(jì)算的計(jì)算方法是根據(jù)《混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》。，因此根據(jù)中柱內(nèi)力組合表25，選擇最不利的內(nèi)力，并考慮上述各種調(diào)整及承載力抗震系數(shù)后柱頂及柱底的控制內(nèi)力如下：柱頂截面：a、 及其對(duì)應(yīng)的N： M== N==b、 M= N=c、 M= N=柱底截面：a、 及其對(duì)應(yīng)的N： M== N==b、 M= N=c、 M=