【正文】 附錄附錄A Proteus仿真圖附錄附錄B 外文文獻(xiàn)引用及翻譯The General Situation and Application of AT89C51Microcontrollers are used in a multitude of mercial applications such as modems, motorcontrol systems, air conditioner control systems, automotive engine and among others. The high processing speed and enhanced peripheral set of these microcontrollers make them suitable for such highspeed eventbased applications. However, these critical application domains also require that these microcontrollers are highly reliable. The high reliability and low market risks can be ensured by a robust testing process and a proper tools environment for the validation of these microcontrollers both at the ponent and at the system level. Intel Plaform Engineering department developed an objectoriented multithreaded test environment for the validation of its AT89C51 automotive microcontrollers. The goals of thisenvironment was not only to provide a robust testing environment for the AT89C51 automotive microcontrollers, but to develop an environment which can be easily extended and reused for the validation of several other future microcontrollers. The environment was developed in conjunction with Microsoft Foundation Classes (AT89C51). The paper describes the design and mechanism of this test environment, its interactions with various hardware/software environmental ponents, and how to use AT89C51. IntroductionThe 8bit AT89C51 CHMOS microcontrollers are designed to handle highspeedcalculations and fast input/output operations. MCS 51 microcontrollers are typically used for highspeed event control systems. Commercial applications include modems,motorcontrol systems, printers, photocopiers, air conditioner control systems, disk drives,and medical instruments. The automotive industry use MCS 51 microcontrollers in enginecontrol systems, airbags, suspension systems, and antilock braking systems (ABS). The AT89C51 is especially well suited to applications that benefit from its processing speed and enhanced onchip peripheral functions set, such as automotive powertrain control, vehicle dynamic suspension, antilock braking, and stability control applications. Because of these critical applications, the market requires a reliable costeffective controller with a low interrupt latency response, ability to service the high number of time and event driven integrated peripherals needed in real time applications, and a CPU with above average processing power in a single package. The financial and legal risk of having devices that operate unpredictably is very high. Once in the market, particularly in mission criticalapplications such as an autopilot or antilock braking system, mistakes are financiallyprohibitive. Redesign costs can run as high as a $500K, much more if the fix means 2 back annotating it across product family that share the same core and/or peripheral design flaw. In addition, field replacements of ponents is extremely expensive, as the devices are typically sealed in modules with a total value several times that of the ponent. To mitigate these problems, it is essential that prehensive testing of the controllers be carried out at both the ponent level and system level under worst case environmental and voltage plete and thorough validation necessitates not only a welldefined process but also a proper environment and tools to facilitate and execute the mission Chandler Platform Engineering group provides post silicon system validation (SV) of various microcontrollers and processors. The system validation process can be broken into three major type of the device and its application requirements determine which types of testing are performed on the device. The AT89C51 provides the following standard features: 4Kbytes of Flash, 128 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, two 16bittimer/counters, a five vector twolevel interrupt architecture,a full duple ser ial port, onchip oscillator and clock addition, the AT89C51 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters,serial port and interrupt sys tem to continue functioning. The Powerdown Mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscil –lator disabling all other chip functions until the next hardware reset.VCC Supply voltage.GND Ground.Port 0：Port 0 is an 8bit opendrain bidirectional I/O port. As an output port, each pin cansink eight TTL inputs. When 1s are written to port 0 pins, the pins can be used as highimpedance 0 may also be configured to be the multiplexed loworder address/data busduring accesses to external program and data memory. In this mode P0 has 0 also receives the code bytes during Flash programming,and outputs the codebytes during program verification. External pullups are required during programverification.Port 1：Port 1 is an 8bit bidirectional I/O port with internal Port 1 output buffers can sink/so urce four TTL 1s are written to Port 1 pins they are pulled high by the internal pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 1 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal 1 also receives the loworder address bytes during Flash programming and verification.Port 2：Port 2 is an 8bit bidirectional I/O port with internal Port 2 outputbuffers can sink/source four TTL 1s are written to Port 2 pins they arepulled high by the internal pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 2 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pullups. Port 2 emits the highorder address byte during fetches from external program memory and during accesses to Port 2 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal 2 emits the highorder address byte during fetches from external program memory and during accesses to external data