【正文】 and they can retract to their original positions. Under a highpowered microscope, muscle tissue is seen as long, slender cells with a grainy texture like wood.More than half a person’s body is posed of muscle fibers, most of which are involuntary—in other words, work without conscious direction. The voluntary muscles, those that we move consciously to perform particular actions, number more than five hundred. Women have only 60 to 70 percent as much muscle as men for their body mass. That is why an average woman can’t lift as much, throw as far, or hit as hard as an average man.11. According to the selection, the muscular sense is responsible for____.A. the efficiency of our muscles B. the normal breathing functionB. directing our muscles intelligently D. the work of only our involuntary muscles.12. Intelligent use of the muscles means that____. A. one always knows what his muscles are doing. B. one performs simple actions without working C. one’s muscles are used only to the extent necessary for each action they perform. D. one improves muscular action consciously13. Muscles are unique fibers in that they can____A. contract B. stretch C. retract D. all of the above14. According to the selection, more than half of a person’s body is posed of ____.A. voluntary muscles B. involuntary muscles C. muscle fibers D. sensory nerves15. An average woman is weaker than an average man because she has ____. A. more voluntary muscles than an average man B. only 60 to 70 percent as much muscle as a man for her body mass C. 60 to 70 percent less muscle for her body mass D. less muscle fiber for her body weightPART FOURPassage 1 It was years since I had visited my hometown and I was determined to enjoy my stay. I went to see my old friend, Tom Clark, who, among other things, was a member of the Local Council. At the time Tom was busy making arrangements for a distinguished writer to give a talk on modern literature at the town library. As the subject interested me a great deal, I gladly accepted Tom’s invitation to go with him.Tom was going to introduce the guest speaker and that evening we went to the library to meet him. Since he had not yet arrived, I left Tom and went to the Reading Room where a large audience had already gathered. I was disappointed to find that I did not know a single person there. Just before the talk was due to begin, I saw Tom waving to me from the doorway. I went to him immediately, as he looked very worried. He explained that he had just received a telephone message from the writer’s secretary. Our guest had missed the train and would be unable to e! While we were thinking about the problem, Tom suddenly asked me if I would mind acting as a speaker. I hardly had time to think about the matter when I found I was being led into the Reading Rom to address the waiting audience!1. The author’s old friend, Tom Clark, was ____A. a member of a club named Local Council B. a secretary of the local governmentC. a distinguished writer D. a local councilor2. Who was supposed to be the guest speaker by Tom’s arrangement?A. The writer of this passage B. An outstanding writerC. The writer’s secretary D. Tom’s secretary3. What happened to the writer of this passage when he left Tom and went into the Reading Room?A. He was greeted by a large audience B. He saw many old friends there C. He felt sorry because he was a stranger there D. He found many unfamiliar couples except one man who was single4. Just before the talk was due to begin, Tom looked very worried because____. A. the writer of the passage was disappointed B. he couldn’t find the writer of the passage C. he failed to make a telephone call to his secretary D. the guest speaker was absent5. The last sentence of this passage implies that____ A. the author of the passage had to make a speech without preparation B. he refused to say anything before the audienceC. Tom had a very difficult time explaining the situationsD. the waiting audience wouldn’t listen to him because they knew he was not the right person to address them.Passage 2Oceanography has been defined as ‘The application of all sciences to the study of the sea.’ Before the nieenth century, scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings. But he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work. For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that the question ‘What is at the bottom of the oceans?’ had to be answered with any mercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured.It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853,for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea. The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea. Within a