【正文】 《大學(xué)英語（高起本）3》練習(xí)題第一部分Part I. Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are some passages in this part. Each passage is followed by several questions. For each question there are four choices marked A, B, C and D, You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.PART ONE Passage 1 Most of the big towns in Eastern Europe have seen a large increase in population over the last 30 years. This has caused extreme housing shortages, and the vast majority of people living in towns rent flats. By western standards, the flats are rather small, with a family of four living in twoor threeroom flat with kitchen or bathroom. But pared with Western Europe, the rents are extremely low.An Eastern European spends on average about 5 percent of his ine on rent and about 15 percent on total housing costs, including fuel and furniture. In Western Europe, the average worker spends at least 20 percent of his ine on rent and heating cost. On the other hand, the Eastern European spends a higher percentage of his ine on food. Whereas basic items such as bread are very cheap, other things like meat and coffee are extremely expensive.Caring for people is one area where the states of Eastern Europe are far in advance of other parts of the world. Most medical and social services are provided free, and in some countries workers do not even have to make contributions to the health and insurance funds, since these contributions are made by the employer. The factory in Eastern Europe provides many facilities and services which are not supplied in Western Europe. Moreover, Eastern Europe does not suffer from one of the major problems of Western Europe’s economy—unemployment. All the constitutions of the individual countries state that every citizen has a right and duty to work.1. The serious housing shortage in big towns of Eastern Europe have been caused mainly by________.A. small flats B. extremely low rentsB. an increase in population D. twoor threeroom flats with kitchen or bathroom2. According to the passage, the rents in Western Europe ____.A. are rather high B. are extremely lowC. are almost the same as those in Eastern EuropeD. are paratively lower.3. The average worker in Eastern Europe spends _______.A. a much higher percentage of his ine on total housing costsB. 20 percent of his ine on rent and total housing costs.C. a large part of his ine on food.D. only a small part of his ine on meat and coffee.4. The worker in some Eastern European states enjoy better medical and social services because_____.A. they don’t have to pay very much for health and insurance funds.B. it is their employers who pay for their health and insurance funds.C. they need to pay only a little for health and insurance funds.D. they are provided with many facilities and services.5. Which of the following is not true?A. Eastern Europe is free from unemployment.B. All the constitutions of Eastern Europe state that all citizens have a right and a duty to work.C. Unemployment is one of the major problems in Western Europe.D. Western Europe does not suffer from one of the serious problems of Eastern Europe’s economy.Passage 2Psychologists now believe that noise has a considerable effect on people’s attitudes and behavior. Experiments have proved that in noisy situations (even temporary ones), people behave more irritably and less cooperatively。 in more permanent noisy situations, many people cannot work hard, and they suffer from severe anxiety as well as other psychological problems.However, psychologists distinguish between “sound” and “noise”. “Sound” is measured physically in decibels. “Noise” cannot be measured in the same way because it refers to the psychological effect of sound and its level of “intensity” depends on the situation. Thus, for passengers at an airport who expect to hear aeroplanes taking off and landing, there may be a lot of sound, but not much noise (that is, they are not bothered by the noise). By contrast, if you are at a concert and two people behind you are whispering, you feel they are talking noisily even if there is not much sound. You notice the noise because it affects you psychologically. Both sound and noise can have negative effects, but what is most important is if the person has control over the sound. People walking down the street with earphones, listening to music that they enjoy, are receiving a lot of decibels of sound, but they are probably happy hearing sounds which they control. On the other hand, people in the street without earphones must tolerate a lot of noise which they have no control over. It is noise pollution that we need to control in order to help people live more happily.6. According to the selection, people_______.A. can not work better in a noisy situation B. will suffer from plete deafness because of noise pollution.C. can be psychologically affected by working in very noisy factories.D. may cooperate well in a noisy surrounding.7. “Sound”, as defined by psychologists, ______.A. can be measured in the same way that “noise” is measuredB. may be extremely harmful to healthC. is not at all different from “noise’.D. can be measured by machines.8. People waiting at an airport ______.A. enjoy hearing aeroplanes taking off and landing.B. are usually not troubled by the noise.C. can easily tell sound from noiseD. are often physically affected by the noise.9. People enjoy listening to music_______.A. though, in fact, they are receiving a lot of decibels of sound.B. because it does not have any negative effect.C. because they do not have to tolerate the noise around them.D. even though it is sometimes unpleasant hearing strange sounds.10. We can conclude from the passage that we need to control noise pollutio