【正文】 By achieving a gear reducer deceleration devices, known as a singlestage reducer. Its structure is simple, light weight, Dongfeng BQl090 type light, widely used on med。 (1) singlestage main reducer Driven mainly by the main bridge reducer, differential, halfaxle and drive axle housings and other ponents.s ride and the average driving speed, reducing the wheels and axles on the dynamic load and parts, increasing its reliability and service life. However, due to disconnect the drive Bridge and the independent suspension with the match of the plex structure, this structure is mainly seen on the ride fort of the higher part of sedans and some offroad vehicle, and the latter more than a light following riders Bridge drive vehicles or heavyduty offroad vehicle. Bridge over drive layout In order to improve loading and adoption of some medium and heavyduty vehicles and all over the use of offroad vehicles are driven more bridge, and often used 4,6 4 8 such as 6,8driven type. MultiBridge driver in the circumstances, the driving force at the drive actuator pass in the way the two bridges. The two corresponding power transmission, the MultiBridge drive vehicle driving axle layout patterns into nonhollow and hollow. The former in order to force the pass at the drive actuator bridge to the actuator from the drive axle by its own dedicated power transmission drive shaft, not only to increase the number of drive shaft, and the cause of the drive axle Bridge parts in particular Shell, and other major parts Semiaxle not universal. On the 8 8 vehicle, this nondrivethrough bridge is even more inappropriate, but also a difficult layout. In order to solve the above problems, modern bridges are used in cars driven through the drive axletype layout.In the drivethrough layout of the bridge, the bridge driveshaft layout in the same vertical longitudinal plane, and were not the driving axle drive shaft and use their own subactuator directly connected, but in front of the actuator or the back of the two adjacent bridge driveshaft is the tandem arrangement. The two ends of the car after driving axle impetus by the actuator and transmission through the middle of the bridge. The advantage is not only reduce the number of drive shaft, but also increase the driving axle parts of the mutual general, and to simplify the structure, reducing the size and quality. This vehicle design (such as car variant), manufacturing and maintenance, convenient4. Drive axle ponents buses to reduce vehicle height and the center of mass of train floors height, so as to enhance stability and the convenience of the passengers get on and off, can be roundgear reducer initiatives under its vertical driven gear beneath some doubledecker bus in order to further reduce the partment floor height in a roundGear reducer At the same time, the main reducer and differential assembly also moved to the driver39。 Drive Bridge at the end of powertrain, and the basic function of which is to increase came from the drive shaft or transmission of torque, and a reasonable distribution of power to the left and right driving wheel, and also bear in the role of the frame or the road and Legislative body between the vertical, horizontal and vertical of power. Driven by the general bridge reducer, differential, wheels, transmission and drive axle housings and other ponents.2. The bridge design driver:（1）真心的感謝在大學(xué)幫助過我的老師和同學(xué)們，再次感謝你們！參考文獻[1] 劉惟信 .北京：清華大學(xué)出版社，2004[2] 徐顥 （第3，4卷）.北京：機械工業(yè)出版社，1991[3] 吉林大學(xué) 王望予 (第四版).北京:機械工業(yè)出版社，2004[4] 吉林大學(xué) 陳家瑞 (下冊).北京:機械工業(yè)出版社，2005[5] 朱孝錄 ：化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社，2005[6] 邱宣懷 ：高等教育出版社，1997[7] 廖念釗等編 .互換性與技術(shù)測量（第四版）.北京：中國計量出版社，2000[8] 王明珠 主編 .工程制圖學(xué)及計算機繪圖 .北京：國防工業(yè)出版社，1998[9] 戴少度 . 北京：國防工業(yè)出版社，2002[10] 第二汽車制造廠 何敏. ，1992（11）[11] 丹東汽車制造廠 ／1 (4)[12] 重載汽車驅(qū)動橋的基本結(jié)構(gòu)形式.[13] 單級橋：.[14] 王望予．汽車設(shè)計[M]．北京：機械工業(yè)出版社，2005．[15] [M].北京：清華大學(xué)出版社，2001.[16] [M].北京：化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社，2004，1.[17] [M].北京：高等教育出版社，2001.[18] 溫芳,[J]..[19] 成大先．機械設(shè)計手冊（1~4冊）[M].北京：化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社，1993．[20] Ford Motor Company Arup Gangopadhyay， Sam Asaro， Michael Schroder， Ron Jensen and Jagadish Sorab. Fuel Economy Improvement Through Frictional Loss Reduction in Light Duty Truck Rear ，2002[21] Dirk Spindler Georg von Petery INASchaeffler KG. Angular Contact Ball Bearings for a Rear Axle ，2003附 錄附錄ADriver introductions Bridge1. Features:結(jié)束代表著新的開始，新的征程，本次的畢業(yè)設(shè)計將會成為我今后工作，學(xué)習(xí)生活中的一份堅實的基礎(chǔ)和保證。老師嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)闹螌W(xué)態(tài)度，淵博的專業(yè)知識，誨人不倦教學(xué)精神，在學(xué)術(shù)上和為人上都是我們的楷模和榜樣。我要感謝指導(dǎo)老師，老師在整個設(shè)計過程中對我的影響很大，設(shè)計過程中的很多個難點都是在老師的悉心指導(dǎo)下才克服的，還有老師大親切和善也是我在整個設(shè)計過程中感受最深的。我認(rèn)為對驅(qū)動橋的研究應(yīng)該以怎么樣保證不降低主減速器齒輪的強度為中心目標(biāo)為以后的大方向。而且單級主減速器結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、體積小、重量輕和傳動效率高，所以單級主減速器應(yīng)用非常的廣泛。結(jié) 論本設(shè)計根據(jù)傳統(tǒng)驅(qū)動橋設(shè)計方法，并結(jié)合現(xiàn)代設(shè)計方法，確定了驅(qū)動橋的總體設(shè)計方案，先后進行主減速器 ，差速器，半軸以及驅(qū)動橋殼的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計和強度校核，并運用AutoCAD軟件繪制出主要零部件的工程圖并設(shè)計出了4噸級的驅(qū)動橋，該驅(qū)動橋適用于輕型載貨汽車。m所以可根據(jù)式（），（）計算出在鋼板彈簧座附近危險斷面的彎曲應(yīng)力和扭轉(zhuǎn)應(yīng)力分別為 = MPa = MPa由于橋殼的許用彎曲應(yīng)力[]為300～500 MPa，許用扭轉(zhuǎn)應(yīng)力[]為150～400 MPa，所以該設(shè)計的橋殼滿足這種條件下的強度要求。m == N 汽車在緊急制動時的受力簡圖由于設(shè)計時一些參數(shù)是未知的，所以后驅(qū)動橋計算用的汽車緊急制動時的質(zhì)量轉(zhuǎn)移系數(shù)不可計算，～。根據(jù)上式可以計算得=+= MPa = MPa由于橋殼的許用彎曲應(yīng)力[]為300～500 MPa，許用扭轉(zhuǎn)應(yīng)力[]為150～400MPa，所以該設(shè)計的橋殼滿足這種條件下的強度要求。根據(jù)上式可計算得=m。m由于驅(qū)動車輪所承受的地面對其作用的最大切向反作用力，使驅(qū)動橋殼也承受著水平方向的彎矩，對于裝有普通圓錐齒輪差速器的驅(qū)動橋，由于其左、右驅(qū)動車輪的驅(qū)動轉(zhuǎn)矩相等，故有 （）所以根據(jù)上式=m ()式中：，—見式（）下的說明。 汽車以最大牽引力行駛的受力簡圖作用在左右驅(qū)動車輪的轉(zhuǎn)矩所引起的地面對于左右驅(qū)動車輪的最大切向反作用力共為 N （）根據(jù)上式可計算得=由于設(shè)計時某些參數(shù)未定而無法計算出汽車加速行駛時的質(zhì)量轉(zhuǎn)移系數(shù)值，～。根據(jù)上式 MPa 汽車以最大牽引力行駛時的橋殼強度計算為了使計算簡化，不考慮側(cè)向力，僅按汽車作直線行駛的情況進行計算，另從安全系數(shù)方面作適當(dāng)考慮。 在不平路面沖擊載荷作用下的橋殼強度計算當(dāng)汽車在不平路面上高速行駛時，橋殼除承受靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)下那部分載荷外，還承受附加的沖擊載荷。只要在這三種載荷計算工況下橋殼的強度特征得到保證，就認(rèn)為該橋殼在汽車各種行駛條件下是可靠的。在通常的情況下，在設(shè)計橋殼時多采用常規(guī)設(shè)計方法，這時將橋殼看成簡支梁并校核某些特定斷面的最大應(yīng)力值。 橋殼的受力分析與強度計算選定橋殼的結(jié)構(gòu)形式以后，應(yīng)對其進行受力分析，選擇其端面尺寸，進行強度計算。尤其是重型汽車，其驅(qū)動橋殼承載很重，在此采用球鐵整體式橋殼。另外，由于汽車的輪轂軸承是裝在半軸套管上，其中輪轂內(nèi)軸承與橋殼鑄件的外端面相靠，而外軸承則與擰在半軸套管外端的螺母相抵，故半軸套管有被拉出的傾向，