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水廠加氯控制系統(tǒng)的研究與設(shè)計終稿畢業(yè)論文(參考版)

2025-06-27 21:49本頁面
  

【正文】 t fully understand a system and controlled object, or can39。t fully grasp, or get accurate mathematical model, the control theory to adopt other technology, the system controller39。 quick refers to control system response of the output to rise time, usually with quantitative description. PID control principle and characteristics In engineering practice, the most widely used for the regulator control laws proportion, integral, differential control, the abbreviation PID control, say again PID regulation. PID controller published it has been nearly 70 years history, with its simple structure, good stability, convenient adjustment work and bee one of the main technology of industrial control. When controlled object39。t rely on would be charged amount sent back to form any against closedloop circuits. The closedloop control systemClosedloop control system (closed loopcontrolsystem) is characteristic of the system is controlled object output (controlled quantity) will be sent back influence against the output, forming a controller or multiple closedloop. Closedloop control system has a positive feedback and negative feedback signal and system, if the given value is called negative feedback signal instead, NegativeFeedback), if the polarity (same, it is known as a positive feedback, general closedloop control system adopts negative feedback, also called negative feedback control system. Many examples of the closedloop control system. For example is a possessing negative feedback closedloop control system, and acted as feedback eyes is sensor, the human body system can constantly revising finally made by various correct action. If have no eyes, have no feedback loop, and also became an openloop control system. Another example, when a real fullyautomatic washerextractor continuous check whether can wash clothes, and wash can automatically cut off after power source, it is a closedloop control system. Step response Laplace domain response refers to a step inputs (stepfunction) added to the system, the system output. Steadystate error refers to the response of the system, system after entering the steadystate expected output and actual output difference. Control system performance can use stability, accurate, fast three words to describe. Steady refers to the stability of system (batchconvert), a system to work, must first is stable, look from the Laplace domain response should be convergent。 英文文獻(xiàn)及翻譯 PID control Current industrial automation level has bee the measure of all walks of life modernization level is an important symbol. Meanwhile, control theory development also experienced classical control theory, modern control theory and the theory of intelligent control three stages. Intelligent control of typical examples are fuzzy fullautomatic washing machine, etc. Automatic control system can be divided into the open loop control system and closedloop control system. A control system including controller, sensor, transmitter, actuators, input/output interface. Controller output after output interface, actuators, add to be control system。該子程序初始化 PID 控制邏輯使用的變量,并啟動 PID 中斷“PID_EXE”程序。要在程序中使能該配置,每次掃描周期時,使用 從主程序塊調(diào)用該子程序。 步驟 7 生成 PID 代碼 回答這些詢問后,點擊“完成”,S7200 指令向?qū)槟付ǖ呐渲蒙沙绦虼a和數(shù)據(jù)塊代碼。因為項目中的所有配置共享一個公用中斷程序,項目中增加的任何新配置不得改變公用中斷程序的名稱。這樣會在 PID 返回自動模式時提供無擾動轉(zhuǎn)換。位于手動模式時,PID 計算不執(zhí)行,回路輸出不改變。需要指定該計算區(qū)開始的 V 存儲區(qū)字節(jié)地址。指定希望使用報警輸入的哪些條件: 使能低限報警(PV),并在 到報警高限之間設(shè)置標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的報警低限 使能高限報警(PV), 使能模擬量輸入模塊錯誤報警,并指定輸入模塊附加在 PLC 上的位置步驟 5 為計算指定存儲區(qū)區(qū) PID 指令使用 V 存儲區(qū)中的一個 36 個字節(jié)的參數(shù)表,存儲用于控制回路操作的參數(shù)。 標(biāo)定(單極、雙擊或 20% 偏移量)步驟 4 設(shè)置回路報警選項該向?qū)楦鞣N回路條件提供輸出。 。 (PV)應(yīng)當(dāng)如何標(biāo)定。默認(rèn)值是 和 之間的一個實數(shù)。 (SP)應(yīng)當(dāng)如何標(biāo)定。如果您為參數(shù)表地址建立了符號名,然后又改變?yōu)樵摲栔付ǖ牡刂罚?PID 向?qū)傻拇a則不再能夠正確執(zhí)行。步驟 2 設(shè)置回路參數(shù) 注釋:參數(shù)表地址的符號名已經(jīng)由向?qū)е付?。信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展同樣推動水工業(yè)控制技術(shù)的進(jìn)步,數(shù)字信息傳輸加密、防入侵技術(shù)的日趨成熟,將使我們有可能充分利用城市的寬帶網(wǎng),為城市供水系統(tǒng)的遠(yuǎn)距離檢測、調(diào)度、控制,以及各類信息的傳遞,提供更為快速、簡便、經(jīng)濟(jì)、安全、可靠的手段。采用自動調(diào)節(jié)與控制,改變了水廠原人工操作投加的控制模式,控制的準(zhǔn)確性得以提高,并節(jié)省了人力和氯耗。在今后對水廠加氯系統(tǒng)的研究中,無人化與智能化【20】是研究的核心,應(yīng)用PLC進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)采集,而更為精確的PID控制則交給工控機(jī)來完成。在控制系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計上,系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用PID算法對加氯機(jī)的調(diào)節(jié)閥進(jìn)行開度控制從而達(dá)到控制目的,并且利用STEP7編程軟件對PLC進(jìn)行了編程,同時由于條件限制沒有考慮工廠實際環(huán)境諸多因素的干擾,僅從最主要的因素入手,達(dá)到了最基本的控制要求,基本實現(xiàn)了對加氯系統(tǒng)的自動控制。本文介紹的自動加氯系統(tǒng)是基于西門子S7200系列PLC的控制系統(tǒng)。 第四章 結(jié)論 本文內(nèi)容的總結(jié) 本文分析了水廠的氯氣投加工藝以及氯氣的水解規(guī)律,并對水廠加氯系統(tǒng)的現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的闡述。具體程序流程圖如圖37所示:漏氯報警?開排風(fēng)扇開吸氯裝置關(guān)閉排風(fēng)扇關(guān)閉吸氯裝置延時到?故障報警故障處理是是是是是否否否否否堿泵風(fēng)機(jī)運(yùn)行?漏氯信號消除?延時吸氯時間到?開始 圖37 漏氯報警及處理程序流程圖 漏氯報警程序梯形圖漏氯報警的部分程序見圖38: 圖38 漏氯報警部分程序 ,PLC向排風(fēng)扇和吸氯裝置發(fā)出啟動的控制信號,如果堿泵、則判斷吸氯裝置故障,應(yīng)立刻進(jìn)行故障處理。 氣源切換部分程序見圖36: 圖36 氣源切換部分程序圖 漏氯報警軟件設(shè)計 當(dāng)漏氯報警儀檢測到空氣中氯氣的濃度大于設(shè)定值后,便向PLC報警,同時立即啟動吸氯裝置和排風(fēng)系統(tǒng);待漏氯報警信號消除并經(jīng)自動延時后,停止吸氯裝置和排風(fēng)系統(tǒng)【19】。 ,經(jīng)過PLC定時器的延遲檢驗仍然沒有復(fù)位,則判斷1號閥故障。則關(guān)閉1號閥。具體工藝流程圖如圖35所示。 氣源切換軟件設(shè)計 氣源切換程序流程 圖35 氣源自動切換程序流程圖 當(dāng)工作氣源發(fā)出空瓶報警信號(由電子秤或瓶內(nèi)壓力形成信號)時,PIC自動關(guān)閉該組氣源的出氣電動閥,再打開另一組備用氣源的出氣電動閥,完成從空瓶 到滿瓶的切換,以保證氯氣的連續(xù)供應(yīng)。VW96中的整數(shù)傳送給模擬量輸出模塊AQW3,進(jìn)行對3加氯機(jī)控制)自動加氯的實現(xiàn)是通過PLC對調(diào)節(jié)閥的開度來實現(xiàn)的??刂频臄?shù)學(xué)模型如式:I0=KfQm 出水余氯數(shù)據(jù)采樣及將采樣數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)化成PID應(yīng)用01數(shù)據(jù),將出水廠出水流量數(shù)據(jù)與出水場余氯檢測數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行組合計算,實現(xiàn)開環(huán)、閉環(huán)復(fù)合控制.將經(jīng)過PID復(fù)合運(yùn)算后的投氯結(jié)果傳送給執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)因為執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)識別的信號420mA的模擬量【16】,變成一個共控制裝置使用的整數(shù)(程序說明:VD208中存放的是經(jīng)PID指令復(fù)合計算調(diào)節(jié)后的輸出值,PID回路表中有定義。將經(jīng)過處理存放在VD66的出水廠流量采樣數(shù)據(jù)與投氯比例系數(shù)進(jìn)行實數(shù)乘法運(yùn)算,并將結(jié)果存入VD70中。將VW14內(nèi)整數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換為雙整數(shù),供接下來的實數(shù)計算用,并將轉(zhuǎn)換結(jié)果存到VD66中。定義微分時間,將1E+008的實數(shù)傳入VD224中。定義PID采樣周期。定義系統(tǒng)設(shè)定值。將VD82內(nèi)的雙整數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換為整數(shù)并傳給VW86。清水池PID調(diào)節(jié)功能程序:本網(wǎng)絡(luò)為PID程序,TBL 為定義PID控制程序偏移地址首地址;LOOP為定義PID回路,共可定義8組 (07)。,供PID指令用【15】。將存放在VW12中的余氯采樣整數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行雙整數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換,并將轉(zhuǎn)化結(jié)果存入VD58中。清水池余氯數(shù)據(jù)采樣及將采樣數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)化成PID應(yīng)用01數(shù)據(jù),此段程序作用是將數(shù)據(jù)采樣后轉(zhuǎn)換成PID應(yīng)用的01的實數(shù)。定義PID積分時間,將1E+008的實數(shù)傳入VD120中。定義增益即PID調(diào)節(jié)的比例放大倍數(shù)??刂频臄?shù)學(xué)模型如式:I0=KfQm清水池投氯PID調(diào)節(jié)定義PID參數(shù):此定義是根據(jù)西門子S7200自帶PID控制指令的規(guī)則執(zhí)行的。將VD54內(nèi)的實數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行雙整數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換,并將轉(zhuǎn)換結(jié)果存回VD54中。將VD50內(nèi)這一整數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換為實數(shù),并將其存入VD50中。 自動加氯程序梯形圖及程序說明
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