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參 考 文 獻(xiàn)[1] 史乃.:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社.2005.[2] 陳伯時(shí).電力拖動(dòng)自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng).北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社.2003.[3] 夏德鈐,翁貽方.自動(dòng)控制理論. 北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社. 2004.[4] 洪乃剛.電力電子和電力拖動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)的MATLAB仿真.北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社.2006.[5] 羅飛,郗曉田,文曉玲等.電力拖動(dòng)與運(yùn)動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng).北京:化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社.2007.[6] 周淵深.交直流調(diào)速系統(tǒng)與MATATLAB仿真.中國電力出版社.2003.[7] 王果,朱大鵬.直流電機(jī)雙閉環(huán)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的工程設(shè)計(jì)方法仿真.電機(jī)技術(shù).2005年第3期.[8] 韓璐.直流電動(dòng)機(jī)雙閉環(huán)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)及其SIMULINK的仿真.航海工程.2003年第2期.[9] 劉軍,孟祥忠.電力拖動(dòng)運(yùn)動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng).北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社.2007.[10]張東立,陳麗蘭,仲偉峰.直流拖動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng).北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社.1999.[11][J].北京:國防工業(yè)出版社,1980.[12]李發(fā)海,[M].北京:清華大學(xué)出版社,2001.[13]張世銘,[M]:華中理工大學(xué)出版社,1993.[14][M].蘇州絲綢工學(xué)院學(xué).[15][M].北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,1999.[16]王立紅,楊匯軍. 基于MATLAB直流調(diào)速系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與仿真[J]. 遼寧:遼寧工學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào),[20042].[17]張世銘,[M]:華中理工大學(xué)出版社,1993.[18]Chang,.. of Optimal Control York:McGrawHill Copany[19]Atnerton,.. Control Nostrand:ReinHold Company Limited附錄A 英文翻譯—原文部分? 1. INTRODUCTION Electric Drive Technology Development Current Situation 30 Over the years, the DC motor drive has undergone significant changes. First of all, replacing a rectifier, thyristor rectifier device to replace the conventional longstanding group of DC motors and generators of mercury rectifier DC electric drive device to plete a big leap forward. At the same time, control circuit has achieved a high level of integration and miniaturization, high reliability and low cost. More than technology, so that DC Speed Control System increase performance, expanding the scope of application. DC drive technology development to mature, and perfect, serialization, standardization, in the reversible PWM, highprecision field of electrical transmission is still hard to replace.? Computer control and status of the development of motor Relatively simple puter control of the motor, as long as the use of microputer control relay or electronic switching elements so that the circuit open or off it. In a variety of machine tool equipment and production lines, the now monly used with the programmable puter controller, in accordance with the laws of certain types of motor control action. For the plex motor control, then use puter control motor voltage, current, torque, speed, angle, etc., so that motor in accordance with the instructions given accurate work. Through puter control, motor performance could greatly improve. 2 Speed and current dual closedloop speed control system of the two regulator cascade connection for the outer speed feedback loop, current loop for the inner ring. The speed regulator output current is given, the output amplitude is limited to the maximum current value. Adjust the limit of small amplitude or currentfeedback coefficient can be adjusted easily to change the maximum current. In effect, the braking process, the speed regulator quickly into saturation, the output amplitude limit for the current loop to provide a maximum current setting, the current regulator for the PI regulator, in its regulatory role under the current remained at the maximum when the system is in fact a constantcurrentconditioning system. Since the current loop so that the regulating role of the system, the braking current transition process in the best form of transition closer to the ideal waveform. When the speed overshoot, the speed regulator out of saturation, on speed play a major regulatory role, to bee current with the current loop control system.? Current feedback loop allows the system to enhance the antiinterference ability, role in the current loop to the channel on the role of all the disturbances, such as disturbances such as voltage, current loop by regulating the timely inhibited, so that speed is not affected or less affected by disturbances. Current speed of the inner ring also played in the transformation of the target structure and regulation of the 。最后,我要深深感謝我的家人,尤其是含辛茹苦撫養(yǎng)我長大并給予了我良好教育的父母對(duì)我的支持與關(guān)心,感謝他們對(duì)我多年求學(xué)的理解和支持。因此,我要向?qū)熤乱哉\摯的謝意,感謝導(dǎo)師在這三個(gè)月的時(shí)間對(duì)我的學(xué)習(xí)上的教導(dǎo)和生活上的關(guān)心和鼓勵(lì)。本論文是在導(dǎo)師吳凌燕老師的精心指導(dǎo)下完成的,從論文的選題、開題到論文的完成都傾注了導(dǎo)師的心血。但是其快速性要稍微差一點(diǎn),這有待于以后繼續(xù)研究。此次研究結(jié)果表明,直流電動(dòng)機(jī)雙閉環(huán)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)可以在給定調(diào)速范圍內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)無靜差平滑調(diào)速。(5) 若雙閉環(huán)仿真中出現(xiàn)問題,可以在開環(huán)的基礎(chǔ)上,一步一步增加反饋環(huán)節(jié),調(diào)節(jié)環(huán)節(jié)和限幅環(huán)節(jié),不斷調(diào)試,最終完成雙閉環(huán)的仿真。(3) 仿真時(shí)間的選擇按實(shí)際情況而定,以出現(xiàn)完整的波形為前提。現(xiàn)在我把本次仿真中獲得的一些技巧作個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的總結(jié):(1) 系統(tǒng)建模時(shí),要分為主電路和控制電路分別進(jìn)行。根據(jù)直流電機(jī)的基本方程建立調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型,給出動(dòng)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)框圖,并用MATLAB搭建設(shè)仿真模型,進(jìn)行相關(guān)參數(shù)的調(diào)試與仿真,對(duì)仿真結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析、研究,驗(yàn)證控制方案的合理性。從以上分析可知,雙閉環(huán)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)能在一定范圍內(nèi)平滑調(diào)速,在靜差率一定的情況下,具有更寬的調(diào)速范圍;也正是由于其轉(zhuǎn)速超調(diào)量小,穩(wěn)態(tài)精度高,說明其動(dòng)態(tài)性能較好,滿足生產(chǎn)部門機(jī)械裝置調(diào)速的要求。由圖37至312可見,在同一負(fù)載時(shí),起動(dòng)過程中,雙閉環(huán)調(diào)速下的轉(zhuǎn)速與開環(huán)調(diào)速下的轉(zhuǎn)速相比有如下特點(diǎn):(1) 轉(zhuǎn)速上升比較平穩(wěn);(2) 轉(zhuǎn)速超調(diào)量較?。?3) 動(dòng)態(tài)速降小,穩(wěn)態(tài)精度高。圖34 雙閉環(huán)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的仿真模型圖35 不同負(fù)載下雙閉環(huán)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的轉(zhuǎn)速波形圖36 不同負(fù)載下雙閉環(huán)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的電樞電流波形圖37 空載時(shí)開環(huán)和閉環(huán)調(diào)速的轉(zhuǎn)速波形圖38 空載時(shí)開環(huán)和閉環(huán)調(diào)速的電樞電流波形圖39 任意負(fù)載()時(shí)的開環(huán)和閉調(diào)速的轉(zhuǎn)速波形圖310 任意負(fù)載()時(shí)的開環(huán)和閉環(huán)調(diào)速的電樞電流波形圖311 額定負(fù)載時(shí)開環(huán)和閉環(huán)調(diào)速的轉(zhuǎn)速波形圖312 額定負(fù)載時(shí)開環(huán)和閉環(huán)調(diào)速的電樞電流波形 仿真結(jié)果分析由圖36可見,不論是開環(huán)調(diào)速還是雙閉環(huán)調(diào)速,轉(zhuǎn)速和電樞電流都是經(jīng)過了上升、下降、保持恒定這一過程。① 在空載()、任意負(fù)載()、額定負(fù)載()下運(yùn)行仿真系統(tǒng),分別作出轉(zhuǎn)速和電樞電流的仿真波形。參數(shù)的設(shè)置也基本一樣,只要將轉(zhuǎn)速和電流調(diào)節(jié)器模塊中的比例系數(shù)等相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)按設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)例中的計(jì)算結(jié)果代入即可。要求靜差率不能太大,而且對(duì)調(diào)速范圍也有嚴(yán)格的限制,這時(shí)開環(huán)調(diào)速往往不能滿足要求,進(jìn)行雙閉環(huán)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的研究就顯得很重要。波形圖見3—2和3—3。參數(shù)設(shè)置完后,我們分別在不同負(fù)載下研究仿真波形。(6) 轉(zhuǎn)速給定模塊的參數(shù)設(shè)置雙擊打開模塊,將給定電壓設(shè)為10V。(4) 直流電動(dòng)機(jī)的參數(shù)設(shè)置雙擊直流電機(jī)圖標(biāo),打開直流電機(jī)的參數(shù)設(shè)置對(duì)話框,按計(jì)算結(jié)果設(shè)定電樞電流、勵(lì)磁電流、電磁轉(zhuǎn)矩等相關(guān)參數(shù)。(2) 晶閘管整流橋的參數(shù)設(shè)置雙擊模塊圖標(biāo)打開SCR整流橋參數(shù)設(shè)置對(duì)話框,橋臂數(shù)取3,電力電子元件選擇晶閘管。B、C相交流電源參數(shù)設(shè)置方法與A相相同,除了將初相位設(shè)置成互差外,其他參數(shù)與A相相同。接下來對(duì)模塊參數(shù)的設(shè)置和仿真參數(shù)的設(shè)置作個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單介紹。開環(huán)直流調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的主電路由三相對(duì)稱交流電壓源、晶閘管整流橋、平波電抗器、直流電動(dòng)機(jī)等部分組成。從Power System和Simulink模塊庫中找出對(duì)應(yīng)的模塊,按系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行連接得到開環(huán)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的MATLAB仿真圖,如圖3—1所示。其它的比如電力電子器件等模型也是系統(tǒng)內(nèi)建的模型,用起來都是很方便的[3]。它的內(nèi)部給用戶建好了同步電動(dòng)機(jī)、異步電動(dòng)機(jī)、永磁同步機(jī)的模型。上面簡(jiǎn)單介紹了MATLAB中SIMULINK仿真軟件的基本模塊。前者將數(shù)據(jù)以一定的形式存儲(chǔ)到文件中,仿真結(jié)束后可以用MATLAB中的命令對(duì)其進(jìn)行計(jì)算或繪圖;后者將仿真結(jié)果送到工作空間,仿真結(jié)束后,在沒有關(guān)機(jī)之前,可以用命令對(duì)其進(jìn)行觀察或操作。Display用來觀測(cè)變量的數(shù)值,對(duì)記錄數(shù)據(jù)有一定的作用。Scope模塊相當(dāng)于示波器,用來觀測(cè)被測(cè)量的波形。啟動(dòng)仿真后,SIMULINK通過鼠標(biāo)操作就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)在線修改參數(shù)、改變仿真算法、暫停/繼續(xù)或停止仿真,不需其它復(fù)雜的操作。附加模塊庫中還包括:均方根測(cè)算、有功與無功功率測(cè)算、傅立葉分析、可編程定時(shí)器和同步觸發(fā)脈沖脈沖發(fā)生器等。實(shí)際上,附加模塊庫(Powerlib Extras)中的“三相電氣系統(tǒng)”就是用6個(gè)基本子庫中的相關(guān)模塊構(gòu)造并封裝起來的。⑥ 測(cè)量模塊庫:包括電流和電壓測(cè)量。④ 電機(jī)模塊庫:包括勵(lì)磁裝置、水輪機(jī)及其調(diào)節(jié)器、異步電動(dòng)機(jī)、同步電動(dòng)機(jī)及其簡(jiǎn)化模型和永磁同步電動(dòng)機(jī)等。③ 電力電子模塊庫:包括二極管、晶閘管、GTO,MOSFET,IGBT和理想開關(guān)等。它由以下6個(gè)子模塊庫組成:① 電源模塊庫:包括直流電壓源、交流電壓源、交流電流源、可控電壓源和可控電流源等。Toolboxes,就能調(diào)出電氣系統(tǒng)模塊庫Powerlib。電氣系統(tǒng)模塊庫以SIMULINK為運(yùn)算環(huán)境,涵蓋了電路、電力電子、電氣傳動(dòng)和電力系統(tǒng)等電工學(xué)科中常用的基本元件和系統(tǒng)的仿真模型。SIMULINK模塊庫