【正文】 附錄英文文獻(xiàn)Discharge rock mechanics characteristic research present situation and its developmentHu Hailang Li Jianlin wang XiaohuThe project crag body in the increase and under the unloading different mechanics dynamic condition, the rock mechanics condition has essential the difference. At present crag The stone ground foundation engineering crag body generally conforms to the increase rock mechanics condition, but side slope excavates the project and the underground project in the crag nature excavates the surface radial direction to display for the discharge condition. In the current side slope project rock mechanics analysis and the putation, uses the convention loading test parameter and the conventional this construction model and the method, does not tally very much with the actual physical model, causes the research result sand the actual monitor material not symbol, even appears the magnitude the difference. On the other hand, the discharge crag body paratively adds the Dutch crag body regarding the crag body aeolotropic characteristic and the tensile strength to be more sensitive, under the discharge condition, after specially appears the tensile stress, the structure surface mechanics condition will have the essential change, will cause the rock mechanics parameter suddenly to drop, discharge distortion sharp increase. Currently, a large number of people through the loading test and theoretical analysis, has established a series reflect the rock loading deformation and damage occurred under the theory These theoretical and applied to the engineering practices. However, the unloading and loading row with a pletely different stress path, as both of rock deformation and failure characteristics, Whether or mechanical mechanism in the mechanical response on the big difference (see table 1) therefore used for loading strength theory to predict the rock excavation works under unloading properties and the mechanical stability, obviously it is not practical. Therefore, from the theoretical and practical point of view, are necessary to carry out the works unloading rock mechanical properties studied. A study unloading rock mechanics rock mechanics is an important ponent part of the load of rock mechanics expansion and development It is a rich content of the research system, see Figure 1. The study Unloading rock mechanics as a new theory and method is still under study. At present, domestic and foreign in this area of scientific research and technological personnel also in 1996, mainly former China Yangtze River Three Gorges Project Development Corporation chief engineer Professor LingKazakhstan autumn, the Three Gorges University Professor Li Jianlin, Yichang and Chongqing University Professor Professor Jan Several researchers, these units and researchers with engineering practice, Unloading rock in the theoretical research and has been for more than 10 years. Unloading rock mechanics studies currently have the following main aspects rock engineering geological engineering geology is Unloading rock mechanics research base. The major contents of its geological structure, rock structure, surface conditions and the structure of the mutual influence, and to stress, rock classification, in particular, the structure of the situation and the advantages of the project is the impact of structural surface rock unloading mechanical characteristics as a very important one. Unloading rock mechanical properties and the parameters of rock mechanics unloading characteristics and parameters are important rock mechanics content, which includes unloading unloading the stressstrain relationship, unloading rock mechanics parameters and options. Unloading rock the size effect, anisotropy and rheological properties. In particular rock mechanics parameters identified through physical simulation, numerical simulation, engineering experience, geophysical methods based on rock unloading prehensive law to determine, experimental methods and calculations to consider conventional methods are different, it is a dynamic and evolving process. Unloading rock constitutive relations and the analytical methods of rock unloading constitutive relations and the analytical methods of disposal Council Rock Mechanics one of the core elements. It includes options to more accurately describe the mechanical behavior of rock constitutive relations, as orthotropic nonlinear constitutive relations Unloading can consider rock anisotropy nature, but als。不僅如此，通過(guò)此次設(shè)計(jì)，我們還得到了一個(gè)啟發(fā)：設(shè)計(jì)不在難而在新，不在繁而在精，要善于運(yùn)用想象力、捕捉創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)，挑戰(zhàn)未知領(lǐng)域。鑒于這些，增強(qiáng)了自己檢索資料的動(dòng)手能力，協(xié)調(diào)了自己與團(tuán)體成員的合作，熟練了自己的CAD繪圖的專(zhuān)業(yè)技能，系統(tǒng)的學(xué)習(xí)了液壓支架工作原理及各部件的設(shè)計(jì)選用原則。對(duì)于計(jì)算過(guò)程，我們?cè)偃?yàn)算，多次優(yōu)化，爭(zhēng)取不出現(xiàn)較大的誤差；對(duì)于根據(jù)《煤礦支護(hù)手冊(cè)》需要選型的重要部件，我們更是謹(jǐn)慎選取?？偨Y(jié)在此次的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中，我們本著一絲不茍嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)認(rèn)真的學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度，順利完成了設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)。學(xué)無(wú)止境。另外，衷心感謝我的同窗同學(xué)們和機(jī)電工程系的師兄師姐們，在我畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)中，與他們的探討交流使我受益頗多；同時(shí)，他們也給了我很多無(wú)私的幫助和支持，我在此深表謝意。同時(shí)，我要感謝我們系給我授課的各位老師，正是由于他們的傳道、授業(yè)、解惑，讓我學(xué)到了專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)，并從他們身上學(xué)到了如何求知治學(xué)、如何為人處事。徐老師學(xué)識(shí)淵博、治學(xué)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，平易近人，在徐老師的悉心指導(dǎo)中，我不僅學(xué)到了扎實(shí)的專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)，也在為人處事等方面收益很多；同時(shí)他對(duì)工作的積極熱情、認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé)、有條不紊、實(shí)事求是的態(tài)度，給我留下了深刻的印象，使我受益匪淺。在本設(shè)計(jì)完成之際，首先要向我的指導(dǎo)老師徐瑞銀老師致以誠(chéng)摯的謝意。因?yàn)橛辛怂?，礦井自動(dòng)化程度明顯提高，設(shè)備安全可靠性增強(qiáng)，還明顯降低了工人的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度、優(yōu)化了作業(yè)環(huán)境、保證了采煤工作面的安全生產(chǎn)，采煤工作面回采率也明顯提高，節(jié)約了大量煤炭資源。在兗州煤業(yè)股份有限公司得到全面的推廣與應(yīng)用后，僅2004年就應(yīng)用該支架生產(chǎn)原煤4000萬(wàn)噸，銷(xiāo)售收入達(dá)到190億元，銷(xiāo)售利潤(rùn)64億元。這一發(fā)明技術(shù)為設(shè)備開(kāi)機(jī)率和生產(chǎn)的連續(xù)性提供了可靠保障，為礦井實(shí)現(xiàn)高產(chǎn)高效、降低設(shè)備維修和生產(chǎn)成本創(chuàng)造了條件。據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì)，全國(guó)每年需要各種型號(hào)的液壓支架約380萬(wàn)臺(tái)，目前全國(guó)生產(chǎn)井下液壓支架的企業(yè)有148家,截止到2007年已獲得稅后利潤(rùn)240000萬(wàn)元。尤其是在煤價(jià)下滑時(shí)，只是價(jià)格的接受者。隨著我國(guó)工業(yè)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，液壓支架得到廣泛的應(yīng)用，它之所以走多元化經(jīng)營(yíng)的發(fā)展模式，既有內(nèi)部原因，又有外部的原因。因此必須合理確定乳化液箱容積。yj=0. 82；yv泵站的容積效率；yj泵站的機(jī)械效率；N 泵站的輸入功率；乳化液箱是工作面液壓支架工作時(shí)，所需要工作液體的總倉(cāng)庫(kù)。 （）式中： DDD3 支柱、推移千斤頂、調(diào)架千斤頂?shù)母左w內(nèi)徑；SSS3移架時(shí)支柱的升降值和推移千斤頂、調(diào)架千斤的行程；ZZZ3支柱、推移千斤頂、調(diào)架千斤頂?shù)膫€(gè)數(shù)；2每架支架在支柱、推移千斤頂、調(diào)架千斤頂伸縮各一次；V采煤機(jī)在使用中的正常牽引速度；l支架的中心距；上式可寫(xiě)成一般式：由于在操作中，還需要一定的輔助時(shí)間，同時(shí)還要考慮系統(tǒng)的漏損，所以泵站的實(shí)際流量應(yīng)比計(jì)算的值大。支架的移動(dòng)速度，必須與采煤機(jī)正常的牽引速度相適應(yīng)。根據(jù)實(shí)測(cè)，壓力損失一般在工作壓力的10%20%之間。并考慮管路壓力損失，由于液壓支架管路比較長(zhǎng)，支管、彎管和閥件較多。泵站工作壓力，主要根據(jù)支柱的初撐力或千斤頂最大推力來(lái)確定。 安全保護(hù)液路：當(dāng)乳化液泵站液壓系統(tǒng)過(guò)載時(shí)，裝在泵上的安全閥