【正文】 因?yàn)閍*LW w*aLW w ,所以w/w*a*LW/aLW ]2. Japanese labor productivity is roughly the same as that of the United States in the manufacturing sector (higher in some industries, lower in others), while the United States is still consider。i9。g4。e2。c7。j82 answer:a5。h2。f3。d8。 b9。s domestic supply.D. the more inelastic the target country39。s intertemporal production possibilities are not biased.E. None of the above.Answer: C49. If a good is imported into (large) country H from country F, then the imposition of a tariff in country H in the presence of the Metzler Paradox,A. raises the price of the good in both countries (the Law of One Price).B. raises the price in country H and cannot affect its price in country F.C. lowers the price of the good in both countries.（降低各國(guó)的價(jià)格） D. lowers the price of the good in H and could raise it in F.E. raises the price of the good in H and lowers it in F. Answer: C50. The effective rate of protection measures（有效保護(hù)率）A. the true ad valorum value of a tariff.B. the quota equivalent value of a tariff.C. the efficiency with which the tariff is collected at the customhouse.D. the protection given by the tariff to domestic value added.E. None of the above.Answer: D51. When a government allows raw materials and other intermediate products to enter a country duty free, this generally results in a(an)A. effective tariff rate less than the nominal tariff rate.B. nominal tariff rate less than the effective tariff rate.（名義稅率小于實(shí)際稅率） C. rise in both nominal and effective tariff rates.D. fall in both nominal and effective tariff rates.E. None of the above.Answer: B52. The main redistribution effect of a tariff is the transfer of ine from （在分配效應(yīng)與收入轉(zhuǎn)移）A. domestic producers to domestic buyers.B. domestic buyers to domestic producers. （有本國(guó)消費(fèi)者向生產(chǎn)者轉(zhuǎn)移） C. domestic producers to domestic government.D. domestic government to domestic consumers.E. None of the above.Answer: B53. The deadweight loss of a tariffA. is a social loss because it promotes inefficient use of national resources.（社會(huì)資源的無(wú)效利用）B. is a social loss because it reduces the revenue of the government.C. is not a social loss because it merely redistributes revenue from one sector to another.D. is not a social loss bacuase it is paid for by rich corporations.E. None of the above.Answer: A54. The most vocal political pressure for tariffs is generally made byA. consumers lobbying for export tariffs.B. consumers lobbying for import tariffs.C. consumers lobbying for lower import tariffs.D. producers lobbying for export tariffs.E. producers lobbying for import tariffs.（生產(chǎn)者游說(shuō)政府制定進(jìn)口關(guān)稅）Answer: E55. The fact that industrialized countries levy very low or no tariff on raw materials and semi processed goodsA. helps developing countries export manufactured products.B. has no effect on developing country exports.C. hurts developing country efforts to export manufactured goods.D. hurts developing country efforts to export raw materials.E. None of the above.Answer: C56. An Optimal Tariff is considered unlikely to be observed in the real world because ofA. The Metzler Paradox.B. it is practically impossible to define optimality in trade policy terms.C. the likelihood of foreign repercussions.D. real countries are considered to be small in the world trade context.E. None of the above.Answer: C57. The optimum tariff is most likely to apply toA. a small tariff imposed by a small country.B. a small tariff imposed by a large country.（大國(guó)，小關(guān)稅） C. a large tariff imposed by a small country.D. a large tariff imposed by a large country.E. None of the above. Answer: B58. The existence of marginal social benefits which are not marginal benefits for the industry producing the import substitutesA. is an argument supporting free trade and nongovernmental involvement.B. is an argument supporting the use of an optimum tariff.C. is an argument supporting the use of market failures as a tradepolicy strategy.D is an argument rejecting free trade and supporting governmental involvement (干預(yù)) D. None of the above.Answer: D59. The domestic market failure argument is a particular case of the theory ofA. the optimum, or firstbest.B. the second best. （次優(yōu)選擇） C. the third best.D. the sufficing principle.E. None of the above.Answer: B60. The median voter modelA. works well in the area of trade policy.B. is not intuitively reasonable.C. tends to result in biased tariff rates.D. does not work well in the area of trade policy.E. None of the above.Answer: D61. The fact that trade policy often imposes harm on large numbers of people, and benefits only a few may be explained byA. the lack of political involvement of the public.B. the power of advertisement.C. the problem of collective action.（集體行動(dòng)的困難）D. the basic impossibility of the democratic system to reach a fair solution.E. None of the above.Answer: C62. A trade policy designed to alleviate some domestic economic problem by exporting it to foreign countries is know as a(n)A. international dumping policy.B. Countervailing（報(bào)復(fù)性的）tariff policy.C. beggar thy neighbor policy.（以鄰為壑的政策）D. trade adjustment assistance policy.E. None of the above.Answer: C63. Countervailing duties are intended to neutralize any unfair advantage that foreign exporters might gain because of foreignA. tariffs.B. subsidies.C. quotas.D. LocalContent legislationE. None of the above.Answer: B64. Export embargoes cause greater losses to consumer surplus in the target countryA. the lesser its initial dependence on foreign produced goods.B. the more elastic is the target country39。s intertemporal production possibilities are larger than that of the other countries.C. Japan39。 theory, this should have causedA. a glut in their banking asset situation.B. an improvement in their terms of trade. C. deterio