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土木工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)翻譯雷自學(xué)(參考版)

2025-06-09 21:53本頁(yè)面
  

【正文】 In general, seismic analysis is based on the method of structural dynamics,such as the earthquake response method. 短語(yǔ): kilnfired material 窯燒制材料 Cinder block 煤渣砌塊 Sandcrete block 細(xì)骨料混凝土砌塊 Reinforced concrete 鋼筋混凝土 Curtain wall 幕墻 Intensive property 強(qiáng)度性質(zhì)、廣延性質(zhì) Yield strength 屈服強(qiáng)度 Offset strain 條件應(yīng)變、殘留變形應(yīng)變 Breaking strength 斷裂強(qiáng)度 Coldworked 冷加工過(guò)的1 Glass transition 玻璃化轉(zhuǎn)變1 Wideflange beam 寬翼緣工字梁1 Statically determinate 靜定的1 Prestressed concrete beam 預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土梁1 Eccentric axial load 偏心軸向荷載1 EulerBernoulli beam equation 歐拉貝努利梁公式1 Method of virtual work 虛功法1 Slope deflection method 轉(zhuǎn)角位移法 1 Moment distribution method 彎矩分配法 Force or flexibility method 力法(柔度法)2 Matrix stiffness method 矩陣剛度法2 Planar truss 平面桁架2 Threedimensional framework 三維桁架2 Pithed truss 坡頂桁架2 Truncated truss 截頂桁架2 Pinned support 鉸支2 Flexural rigidity 彎曲剛度2 Boundary condition 邊界條件2 Trivial solution 平凡解 Radius of gyration 回轉(zhuǎn)半徑3 Critical load 臨界荷載3 Slenderness ratio 長(zhǎng)細(xì)比3 Bring out 使顯示、出版、生產(chǎn)、說(shuō)出3 Twodimensional 二維的3 Dead load 恒載3 Live load 活載3 Statically determinate 靜定的3 Statically indeterminate 超靜定的3 Rigid joint 剛結(jié)點(diǎn) Side sway 側(cè)移4 Braced frame 有支撐框架4 Unbraced frame 無(wú)有支撐框架4 Pinned connection鉸結(jié)4 Bolt connection 栓結(jié)4 Weld connection 焊結(jié)4 Real property 不動(dòng)產(chǎn)4 Hard bid 競(jìng)標(biāo) 4 Designbuild bridging 設(shè)計(jì)建造過(guò)渡(紐帶)4 Cutting edge 最前線、尖端、最重要的位置50、 Cast insitu concrete 現(xiàn)澆混凝土5 Calcium carbonate 碳酸鈣5 Passivating fil。s ability to sustain their due functions, such as its safety and serviceability, at and after a particular earthquake exposure. 工程師必須知曉建筑物受到特定地面震動(dòng)后真實(shí)或預(yù)計(jì)的抗震性能水平。Earthquake or seismic performance is an execution of a building39。Raft foundation enables the structure to float on the soil,.and because of its rigidity it permits negligible differential settlement. 容許基底壓力通過(guò)荷載試驗(yàn)或其他實(shí)驗(yàn)方法以土力學(xué)的原理加以確定.Allowable bearing pressures are established from principles of soil mechanics on the basis of load tests and other experimental determinations. 基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)使其具有足夠的強(qiáng)度以抵抗外荷載所產(chǎn)生的彎矩、剪力和其他內(nèi)力.The footing must be designed to develop the necessary strength to resist all moments, shears,and other internal actions caused by the applied loads.第十六課 由地震引起的震動(dòng)產(chǎn)生與結(jié)構(gòu)與地基、或預(yù)期毗鄰結(jié)構(gòu)、或海嘯引起的重力波等的接觸面。The amount of settlement depends on many factors, such as the type of soil, the load intensity, the depth below ground level, and the type of footing. 如果基礎(chǔ)上荷載的合力與基礎(chǔ)底面的形心不重合,便會(huì)在基礎(chǔ)上產(chǎn)生彎矩。As their mass is extremely small their behavior is governed b7 force of electrostatic attraction and repulsion on their surfaces. 有效應(yīng)力是對(duì)土骨架應(yīng)力的測(cè)度,且決定了土的抗剪能力。Although, the amount of nonclay material is greater than that if clay and organic material, the latter have a greater influence in the behavior of soils. 初始條件決定了具有高空隙率的新近堆積土或新壓實(shí)土的結(jié)構(gòu)。Oneperson roboticguided total stations allow surveyors to gather precise measurements without extra workers to look through and turn the telescope or record data.第十三課 土的力學(xué)性能直接取決于其三相的相互作用和所受到的各種勢(shì)能作用。In order to measure horizontal distances, these chains or tapes would be pulled taut according to temperature,to reduce sagging and slack. 測(cè)量高度的最簡(jiǎn)單方法就是采用高度計(jì),本質(zhì)上講就是氣壓計(jì),它以氣壓作為高度指標(biāo)。Surveying or land surveying is the technique and science of accurately determining the terrestrial or threedimensional space position of points and the distances and angles between then. 有史以來(lái),測(cè)量就是人文環(huán)境發(fā)展的一個(gè)主要因素,而且也用于幾乎所有結(jié)構(gòu)的規(guī)劃和施工。In order to determine the critical load for this column,the pressed column is displaced as shown in following picture.4) 柱的臨界壓應(yīng)力隨其長(zhǎng)細(xì)比的增大而減小,隨其回轉(zhuǎn)半徑的增大而增大Critical pression stress of the column always decreases with increasing column slenderness ratio, and increases with increasing radius of gyration.5) 使柱可能發(fā)生屈曲的最小力為歐拉臨界荷載The minimum force made column may be buckling is the critical load of Euler.Lesson 6 fundamental principles of structural analysis(基本原則的結(jié)構(gòu)分析)1) 結(jié)構(gòu)模型應(yīng)盡可能準(zhǔn)確地反映其真實(shí)材料、結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)造、荷載和邊界條件The structure model should relate the actual behavior to material properties,structure details,loading,and boundary condition as accurately as is practicable.2) 對(duì)受對(duì)稱荷載作用的規(guī)則結(jié)構(gòu),可將其理想化為構(gòu)件相互正交的二維框架For structures that have a regular layout and are rectangular in shape,it is possible to idealize them into twodimensional frames arranged in orthogonal directions.3) 鉸結(jié)點(diǎn)不容許位移,但可使與其相連的構(gòu)件無(wú)摩擦地相互轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)A hinge or pinned joint does not allow translational movements,but assumed to be frictionless and to allow rotation of a member with respect to the others.4) 如果結(jié)構(gòu)在一荷載系統(tǒng)作用下達(dá)到平衡,它必須滿足六個(gè)平衡方程。The procedures of stress and deformation analysis in a state of stable equilibrium were discussed in the preceding section.2) 僅考慮材料強(qiáng)度并不能確定這種構(gòu)件的特性,我們還必須考慮幾何尺寸。Because of the stability of triangle and the methods of analysis used to calculate the forces within it,a truss posed entirely of triangles is known as a simple truss4) 由于給定跨度,桁架越高,其上下弦用材越省,但其豎桿和斜桿的用材越多。after the end of the relaxation of prestressed concrete beams ,the beam was subjected to eccentric pressure. Lesson 4 truss 桁架1) 認(rèn)為外力和反力僅作用在節(jié)點(diǎn)上,從而使桿件內(nèi)產(chǎn)生拉力或壓力。Internally beams experience pressive,tensile and shear stresses as a result of the loads applied to them.4) 確定梁內(nèi)力的數(shù)學(xué)方法有柔度法、剛度法、彎矩分配法等。Beam is mainly subjected to bending and shear ponents, which can be made of steel, wood or concrete and other materials.2) 常用鋼筋的截面形式有工字鋼、槽鋼和角鋼,有時(shí)也可用箱形和管狀截面的鋼梁。After a period of necking,the material will rupture and the stored elastic energy is released as noise and heat.5) 對(duì)于混凝土和鑄鐵等脆性材料,其抗拉強(qiáng)度與抗壓強(qiáng)度相比可忽略不計(jì)。Yield strength is the stress at which material strain changes from elastic deformation to plastic deformation(the material is caused to deform permanently).3) 由于應(yīng)力作用區(qū)的碳原子的相互作用和脫位,有些鋼材在屈服強(qiáng)度后出現(xiàn)應(yīng)力下降的現(xiàn)象。Mixing with water ,the cement hydrates and eventually hardens into a stonelike material.4) 金屬可用作大型結(jié)構(gòu)的框架,也可用來(lái)裝飾建筑物外表Metal is used as structural framework for lager buildings such as skyscrapers,or as an external surface
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